Association Between Living Risk and Healthy Life Years Lost Due to Multimorbidity: Observations From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Xinlei Miao; Jun Chen; Wen Meng; Qiong Wu; Zhiyuan Wu; Lin Ren; Yue Cai; Xiuhua Guo; Xiang Zhang; Qun Meng

doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.831544

Association Between Living Risk and Healthy Life Years Lost Due to Multimorbidity: Observations From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

Front Med (Lausanne). 2022 Mar 17:9:831544. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.831544. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Xinlei Miao^{1

2}, Jun Chen³, Wen Meng⁴, Qiong Wu⁵, Zhiyuan Wu¹, Lin Ren³, Yue Cai⁶, Xiuhua Guo^{1

2}, Xiang Zhang⁷, Qun Meng⁸

Affiliations

¹ School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
² Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Beijing, China.
³ Center of Information Statistic, Health Information Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.
⁴ Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Beijing, China.
⁵ Center of Big Data Office, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
⁶ Center of Information Statistic, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.
⁷ Information Management Center, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China.
⁸ Comprehensive Supervision Bureau, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Background: Multimorbidity has an effect on life expectancy, while its effect on healthy life years is unclear. This study aims to investigate the associations between healthy life years lost due to multimorbidity and living risk.

Methods: The participants of The China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were assessed at four visits between 2011 (baseline) and 2018. At baseline, 13,949 individuals were administered surveys. A combined score based on seven health-related factors was calculated, and the participants were classified into 3 groups based on living risk. We used the adjusted Cox regression methods to examine the associations between living risk groups and multimorbidity. We estimated the healthy life years lost due to multimorbidity using the Sullivan method.

Results: A total of 9,091 adults aged 45 years or older (mean age of 59.55 ± 9.50 years with one disease, 52.60% women) were analyzed in the CHARLS. The probability of no multimorbidity over 7 years decreased from 0.9947 to 0.9697 in the low-risk group, whereas the probability of multimorbidity in low living risk was lower than that of high living risk, ranging from HR 1.253 (95% CI.992-1.581; P = 0.058) to 1.431 (1.05-1.949; P = 0.023) in sex, and ranging from HR 1.340 (95% CI 1.106-1.623; P = 0.003) to 2.002 (1.058-3.787; P = 0.033) in area. At 45 years, the healthy life years lost in men was <0.27 years compared to women in the low-risk group. Hypertension increased the risk of multimorbidity with an HR of 1.5 (95% CI 1.21-1.91; P < 0.001) in men. In urban areas, participants with diabetes had 3.2 times (95% CI 1.75-5.94, P < 0.001) higher risk of multimorbidity than participants without diabetes.

Conclusions: These findings indicate that a low-risk lifestyle could decrease the loss of healthy life years under multimorbidity. The probability of multimorbidity in women and in urban areas was high. Hypertension was correlated with the hazard risk of multimorbidity.

Keywords: health-related factors; healthy years of life lost; living risk; multimorbidity; quality of life.