Analysis of Gene-Environment Interactions Related to Developmental Disorders

Yuhei Nishimura; Kenji Kurosawa

doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.863664

Analysis of Gene-Environment Interactions Related to Developmental Disorders

Front Pharmacol. 2022 Mar 17:13:863664. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.863664. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Yuhei Nishimura¹, Kenji Kurosawa^{2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.
² Division of Medical Genetics, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.
³ Department of Clinical Dysmorphology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan.

Abstract

Various genetic and environmental factors are associated with developmental disorders (DDs). It has been suggested that interaction between genetic and environmental factors (G $\times$ E) is involved in the etiology of DDs. There are two major approaches to analyze the interaction: genome-wide and candidate gene-based approaches. In this mini-review, we demonstrate how these approaches can be applied to reveal the G $\times$ E related to DDs focusing on zebrafish and mouse models. We also discuss novel approaches to analyze the G $\times$ E associated with DDs.

Keywords: clinical genetics; developmental toxicity; gene-environment interaction; organoid; resilience; susceptibility.

Publication types

Review