Magnetic resonance imaging metrics and the predictability of adverse outcomes in on-treatment Asian chronic hepatitis B

Abstract

Background and aim: Liver fibrosis and steatosis are important factors affecting chronic hepatitis B (CHB) disease outcome. Multiparametric magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the liver measures fibroinflammation, fat, and iron through iron-corrected T1 relaxation time (cT1), proton density fat fraction (PDFF), and T2*-weighted imaging, respectively. We assessed the utility of MR metrics for prognostication in CHB.

Methods: Chronic hepatitis B patients receiving nucleos(t)ide analogs with advanced fibrosis documented by vibration-controlled transient elastography were recruited. Paired multiparametric MR liver and transient elastography were performed at baseline and after at least 2 years. Adverse outcomes including death, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and liver decompensation were monitored.

Results: One hundred and ninety-two patients (mean age 60.3 ± 8.5 years; 76.0% male) were recruited. Eight patients (4.2%) developed HCC after 11.6 (8.8-22.8) months, and increased baseline liver iron independently predicted HCC (hazard ratio 2.329 [1.030-5.266]; P = 0.042). Liver MR metrics were not predictive of death or hepatic decompensation. Among 150 patients with follow-up liver MR at 30.3 (25.2-35.6) months, longitudinal liver PDFF increase was associated with liver cT1 increase (odds ratio 1.571 [1.217-2.029]; P = 0.001). Ninety patients received simultaneous multiparametric MR pancreas during the follow-up MR. Pancreatic PDFF correlated with liver PDFF (r = 0.501, P < 0.001), while pancreatic T1 had no correlation with liver cT1 (r = -0.092, P = 0.479). Pancreatic T1 and PDFF were not associated with adverse outcomes.

Conclusion: Among CHB patients with advanced disease, liver iron level on MR predicts HCC. Multiparametric MR can also simultaneously assess the pancreas and the liver. Multiparametric MR should be further studied as a one-stop option for monitoring and prognosticating CHB.

Keywords: chronic hepatitis B; hepatocellulcar carcinoma; liver fibrosis; liver steatosis; magnetic resonance imaging.