Background: Women worldwide face risks from pregnancy, HIV, and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). To date, highly effective contraceptive methods provide no HIV/STI protection, and HIV prevention products, excluding condoms, provide no pregnancy protection. Intravaginal rings (IVRs) delivering antiretrovirals and contraceptives are a promising multipurpose prevention technology (MPT). Methods: Embedded within a Phase I randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we examined acceptability of continuous versus interrupted use of a 90-day MPT IVR among 47 low-risk women in Norfolk, Virginia and the Dominican Republic. A baseline survey assessed menstruation attitudes, risk perceptions and trial-related motivations. Follow-up surveys (M1/M3) examined user experiences with and preferences for IVR attributes; 18 women also participated in two in-depth interviews. Results: Most women rated the IVR's flexibility and smoothness (86%) and ease of insertion/removal (76%) as very acceptable. Fewer women similarly rated the IVR size (57%) and changes in color from menstruation (52%). Most participants experienced no changes or less bleeding. Those reporting more/heavier bleeding (20% M1, 15% M3) disliked the change. Overall, women preferred a 3-month (75%) to a 1-month IVR (7.5%) or a bimonthly injectable (10%). In qualitative interviews, women were willing to continuously use an IVR for 6-12 months, providing it did not "degrade" inside the body. Reasons for trial participation and prevention preferences, menstrual attitudes, and perceived IVR benefits and doubts varied by site. Conclusions: Findings provide strong evidence of demand for an MPT IVR that protects from pregnancy and HIV/STIs, lasts longer than 1 month, minimally disrupts menstrual bleeding, and is in women's control. numberClinicalTrials.gov: #NCT03279120.
Keywords: HIV prevention; Multipurpose Prevention Technology; contraception; menstrual attitudes; vaginal ring.