Effects of a New Form of Resistance-Type High-Intensity Interval Training on Cardiac Structure, Hemodynamics, and Physiological and Performance Adaptations in Well-Trained Kayak Sprint Athletes

Mohsen Sheykhlouvand; Hamid Arazi; Todd A Astorino; Katsuhiko Suzuki

doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.850768

Effects of a New Form of Resistance-Type High-Intensity Interval Training on Cardiac Structure, Hemodynamics, and Physiological and Performance Adaptations in Well-Trained Kayak Sprint Athletes

Front Physiol. 2022 Mar 10:13:850768. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.850768. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Mohsen Sheykhlouvand¹, Hamid Arazi¹, Todd A Astorino², Katsuhiko Suzuki³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.
² Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Marcos, CA, United States.
³ Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan.

Abstract

This study examined the effects of a resistance-type high-intensity interval training (RHIIT) matched with the lowest velocity that elicited $\dot{V}$ O_2peak (100% v $\dot{V}$ O_2peak) in well-trained kayak sprint athletes. Responses in cardiac structure and function, cardiorespiratory fitness, anaerobic power, exercise performance, muscular strength, and hormonal adaptations were examined. Male kayakers (n = 24, age: 27 ± 4 years) were randomly assigned to one of three 8-wk conditions (N = 8): (RHIIT) resistance training using one-armed cable row at 100% v $\dot{V}$ O_2peak; paddling-based HIIT (PHIIT) six sets of paddling at 100% v $\dot{V}$ O_2peak; or controls (CON) who performed six sessions including 1-h on-water paddling/sessions at 70-80% maximum HR per week. Significant increases (p < 0.05) in $\dot{V}$ O_2peak, v $\dot{V}$ O_2peak, maximal cardiac output, resting stroke volume, left ventricular end-systolic dimension, 500-m paddling performance were seen pre- to post-training in all groups. Change in $\dot{V}$ O_2peak in response to PHIIT was significantly greater (p = 0.03) compared to CON. Also, 500-m paddling performance changes in response to PHIIT and RHIIT were greater (p = 0.02, 0.05, respectively) than that of CON. Compared with pre-training, PHIIT and RHIIT resulted in significant increases in peak and average power output, maximal stroke volume, end-diastolic volume, ejection fraction, total testosterone, testosterone/cortisol ratio, and 1,000-m paddling performance. Also, the change in 1,000-m paddling performance in response to PHIIT was significantly greater (p = 0.02) compared to that of CON. Moreover, maximum strength was significantly enhanced in response to RHIIT pre- to post-training (p < 0.05). Overall, RHIIT and PHIIT similarly improve cardiac structure and hemodynamics, physiological adaptations, and performance of well-trained kayak sprint athletes. Also, RHIIT enhances cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength simultaneously.

Keywords: cardiorespiratory fitness; exercise training; intermittent exercise; oxygen consumption; water sports.