Clinical monitored in subjects metabolically healthy and unhealthy before and during a SARS-CoV-2 infection- A cross-sectional study in Mexican population

Samuel Treviño; Steffany Cortezano-Esteban; Hugo Hernández-Fragoso; Alfonso Díaz; Rubén Vázquez-Roque; Victor Enrique Sarmiento-Ortega; Diana Moroni-González; Rosana Pelayo; Eduardo Brambila

doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155868

Clinical monitored in subjects metabolically healthy and unhealthy before and during a SARS-CoV-2 infection- A cross-sectional study in Mexican population

Cytokine. 2022 May:153:155868. doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155868. Epub 2022 Mar 28.

Authors

Samuel Treviño¹, Steffany Cortezano-Esteban², Hugo Hernández-Fragoso³, Alfonso Díaz⁴, Rubén Vázquez-Roque⁵, Victor Enrique Sarmiento-Ortega⁶, Diana Moroni-González⁶, Rosana Pelayo⁷, Eduardo Brambila⁶

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla. 14 South. FCQ1, University City, Puebla, C.P. 72560, Mexico; Clinical Laboratory "Los Ángeles, Endocrinology area, rio Nexapa 6153, col. San Manuel, Puebla, C.P. 72560, Mexico. Electronic address: samuel.trevino@correo.buap.mx.
² Clinical Laboratory "Los Ángeles, Endocrinology area, rio Nexapa 6153, col. San Manuel, Puebla, C.P. 72560, Mexico.
³ Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla. 14 South. FCQ1, University City, Puebla, C.P. 72560, Mexico; Clinical Laboratory "Los Ángeles, Endocrinology area, rio Nexapa 6153, col. San Manuel, Puebla, C.P. 72560, Mexico.
⁴ Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla. 22 South. FCQ9, University City, Puebla, C.P. 72560, Mexico.
⁵ Neuropsychiatry laboratory, Physiology Institute, University Autonomous of Puebla. 14 South. University City, Puebla, C.P. 72560, Mexico.
⁶ Laboratory of Chemical-Clinical Investigations, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Science, University Autonomous of Puebla. 14 South. FCQ1, University City, Puebla, C.P. 72560, Mexico.
⁷ Eastern Biomedical Research Center CIBIOR, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Puebla, Mexico.

Abstract

The COVID-19 disease has forced us to consider the physiologic role of obesity and metabolically healthy and unhealthy status in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Hematological, coagulation, biochemical, and immunoinflammatory changes have been informed with a disparity in morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the influence of metabolic health on clinical features in a cross-sectional study in Mexican subjects with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection in non-severe stages after a rigorous classification of obese and non-obese subjects who were metabolically healthy and unhealthy. Four groups were formed: 1) metabolically healthy with normal BMI (MHN); 2) metabolically unhealthy with normal BMI (MUN); 3) metabolically healthy obese (MHO); 4) metabolically unhealthy obese (MUO). Serum proinflammatory (TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-1β, and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β, IL-1Ra, IL-4, and IL-10) cytokines, hematological parameters, coagulation, and acute phase components were evaluated. Our results showed that MHO people live with inflammaging. Meanwhile, MUN and MUO subjects develop metaflammation. Both inflammaging and metaflammation cause imperceptible modifications on hematological parameters, mainly in leukocyte populations and platelets, as well as acute phase and coagulation components. The statistical analysis revealed that many clinical features are dependent on metabolic health. In conclusion, MHO subjects seem to be transitioning from metabolically healthy to unhealthy, which is accelerated in acute processes, such as SARS-CoV-2 infection. Meanwhile, metabolically unhealthy subjects independently of BMI have a deteriorating immunometabolic status associated with a hyperinflammatory state leading to multi-organ dysfunction, treatment complications, and severe COVID-19 disease.

Keywords: COVID-19; Clinical parameters; Metaflammation; Obesity; Unhealthy metabolism.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Body Mass Index
COVID-19*
Cross-Sectional Studies
Humans
Metabolic Syndrome*
Obesity / metabolism
Risk Factors
SARS-CoV-2