The current study examined the influence of guilt on young children's honesty about their transgression. Children (N = 192; 4-6 years of age; 49.5% male, 50.5% female; middle-income Chinese families) participated in a modified temptation resistance paradigm where they were asked not to peek at a toy in the absence of an experimenter. Next, the children were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: (a) guilt condition, where children were induced with guilt using a revised mishap paradigm; (b) sadness condition, where children were induced with sadness by watching a video; and (c) baseline condition, where children did not participate in any additional emotion-inducing task. When later questioned about whether they peeked at the toy, children in the guilt condition were significantly less likely to lie compared with those in the sadness or baseline conditions. There was no significant difference between the sadness and baseline conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).