Introduction and importance: Traumatic diaphragmatic injuries are rare and usually occur after thoracoabdominal trauma. Most patients will have other potentially life-threatening injuries. High index of suspicion is the most important attribute. Unfortunately, it is incorrectly diagnosed in up to 33% of cases. If left untreated, the onset of complications carries mortality rates between 25 and 80%.
Case presentation: We report a case of an acute diaphragmatic laceration in a 29-year-old male with thoracoabdominal trauma due to a road traffic accident. Physical examination revealed an absence of normal breath sounds in the left hemithorax. CT-scan confirmed a voluminous left diaphragmatic hernia with omental, gastric, and transverse colon content, so surgical intervention was advised. During laparoscopy, a 15 cm long and 5 cm wide diaphragmatic defect was identified. The hernia was reduced laparoscopically, and the defect repaired with interrupted non-absorbable sutures. As a reinforcement, a visceral contact prosthesis was placed. The patient had an uneventful recovery and after 12-month follow-up he has no evidence of recurrence.
Clinical discussion: Diaphragmatic injuries do not close spontaneously. An abdominal approach is recommended as it allows for evaluation of the entire abdomen and treatment of any associated injury. Watertight closure with nonabsorbable suture and in case of large defects, the placement of a mesh on the peritoneal side of the diaphragm is recommended to reinforce the primary repair.
Conclusion: Laparoscopic emergency surgery has proved to be effective and safe in selected patients with hemodynamic stability. Patients can expect the benefits of minimal invasive surgery with recurrence rate like the open approach.
Keywords: Case report; Diaphragmatic hernia; Emergency surgery; Laparoscopic repair; Mesh; Trauma.
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