Innovative Green Chemistry Approach to Synthesis of Sn2+-Metal Complex and Design of Polymer Composites with Small Optical Band Gaps

Shujahadeen B Aziz; Muaffaq M Nofal; Mohamad A Brza; Niyaz M Sadiq; Elham M A Dannoun; Khayal K Ahmed; Sameerah I Al-Saeedi; Sarkawt A Hussen; Ahang M Hussein

doi:10.3390/molecules27061965

Innovative Green Chemistry Approach to Synthesis of Sn²⁺-Metal Complex and Design of Polymer Composites with Small Optical Band Gaps

Molecules. 2022 Mar 18;27(6):1965. doi: 10.3390/molecules27061965.

Authors

Shujahadeen B Aziz^{1

2}, Muaffaq M Nofal³, Mohamad A Brza⁴, Niyaz M Sadiq¹, Elham M A Dannoun⁵, Khayal K Ahmed¹, Sameerah I Al-Saeedi⁶, Sarkawt A Hussen¹, Ahang M Hussein¹

Affiliations

¹ Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Physics Department, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
² Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq.
³ Department of Mathematics and Science, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia.
⁴ Medical Physics Department, College of Medicals & Applied Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimania 46023, Iraq.
⁵ Department of Mathematics and Science, Woman Campus, Prince Sultan University, P.O. Box 66833, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia.
⁶ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.

Abstract

In this work, the green method was used to synthesize Sn²⁺-metal complex by polyphenols (PPHs) of black tea (BT). The formation of Sn²⁺-PPHs metal complex was confirmed through UV-Vis and FTIR methods. The FTIR method shows that BT contains NH and OH functional groups, conjugated double bonds, and PPHs which are important to create the Sn²⁺-metal complexes. The synthesized Sn²⁺-PPHs metal complex was used successfully to decrease the optical energy band gap of PVA polymer. XRD method showed that the amorphous phase increased with increasing the metal complexes. The FTIR and XRD analysis show the complex formation between Sn²⁺-PPHs metal complex and PVA polymer. The enhancement in the optical properties of PVA was evidenced via UV-visible spectroscopy method. When Sn²⁺-PPHs metal complex was loaded to PVA, the refractive index and dielectric constant were improved. In addition, the absorption edge was also decreased to lower photon. The optical energy band gap decreases from 6.4 to 1.8 eV for PVAloaded with 30% (v/v) Sn²⁺-PPHs metal complex. The variations of dielectric constant versus wavelength of photon are examined to measure localized charge density (N/m*) and high frequency dielectric constant. By increasing Sn²⁺-PPHs metal complex, the N/m* are improved from 3.65 × 10⁵⁵ to 13.38 × 10⁵⁵ m^-3 Kg^-1. The oscillator dispersion energy (E_d) and average oscillator energy (E_o) are measured. The electronic transition natures in composite films are determined based on the Tauc's method, whereas close examinations of the dielectric loss parameter are also held to measure the energy band gap.

Keywords: Sn2+-PPHs metal complex; UV-Vis; XRD and FTIR analyses; bandgap analysis; optical property.

MeSH terms

Coordination Complexes*
Polymers
Polyphenols
Refractometry
Tea

Substances

Coordination Complexes
Polymers
Polyphenols
Tea