The change of myopic prevalence in children and adolescents before and after COVID-19 pandemic in Suqian, China

Hongyan Chen; Ya Liao; Wen Zhou; Lei Dong; Wei Wang; Xiaojuan Wang

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262166

The change of myopic prevalence in children and adolescents before and after COVID-19 pandemic in Suqian, China

PLoS One. 2022 Mar 21;17(3):e0262166. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262166. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Hongyan Chen^{1

2}, Ya Liao^{1

2}, Wen Zhou^{1

2}, Lei Dong³, Wei Wang⁴, Xiaojuan Wang^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Ophthalmology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical university, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
² Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
³ The Primary and Middle School Health Care Center in Suqian, Suqian, Jiangsu Province, China.
⁴ School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the change of myopic prevalence in students with different demographic characteristics before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Suqian, China.

Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted. Student data from 52 schools in 2019 and 2020 were collected from the electronic medical records database through cluster sampling. Ophthalmic examinations were conducted on students from September to December in 2019 and 2020. Measurements of uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and noncycloplegic autorefraction were included to obtain the spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and prevalence of myopia. The difference in the rate of myopia and SER of students ages 6 to 18 with various demographic characteristics was compared between the two years.

Results: Records from 118,479 students in 2019 and the 121,881 students in 2020 were obtained. In 2019 and 2020, the prevalence of overall myopia increased from 43.1% to 48.9% (5.8 percentage point), and a substantial shift in myopic rate occurred in grades 4 to 6 (6.9 percentage point). The change in the prevalence of myopia in girls (5.9 percentage point) was approximately equal to that in boys (5.8 percentage point) and it was more common in rural students (5.9 percentage point) than in urban students (5.1 percentage point). The prevalence of low myopia increased more in children, and the prevalence of moderate myopia increased more in adolescents. The mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER) (-1.34±2.03 D) was lower in 2020 than in 2019 (-1.16±1.92 D), while SER decreased mainly at ages 7 to 15. The SER presented myopic status at the age of 9 (-0.55±1.26 D in 2019, -0.71±1.42 D in 2020), and attained moderate myopia at the age of 15 (-3.06±2.41 D in 2019, -3.22±2.40 D in 2020).

Conclusions: After the COVID-19 pandemic, myopia increased in this population with variable rates of increase in different demographic groups. The change of myopia in children was comparatively greater than that in adolescents. Therefore, we should take measures to prevent and control the development of myopia after the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for younger students.

Publication types

Comparative Study
Multicenter Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adolescent
COVID-19 / epidemiology*
Child
China / epidemiology
Cross-Sectional Studies
Female
Humans
Male
Myopia / epidemiology*
Prevalence
Refractive Errors / epidemiology*
Retrospective Studies
Rural Health / statistics & numerical data*
Rural Population / statistics & numerical data*
Visual Acuity

Grants and funding

This study was supported by the Project source "Science and Technology Development of Clinical Medicine of Jiangsu University in 2021, JLY2021179, Xiao Juan Wang” and “Science and Technology Project of Xuzhou, KC21278, Xiao Juan Wang”.