Determination of fluoroquinolones in chicken muscle by molecularly imprinted graphitic carbon nitride-based solid-phase extraction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography

Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2022 May;39(5):901-911. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2037728. Epub 2022 Mar 21.

Abstract

A graphitic carbon nitride was synthesised and nalidixic acid (NA) based molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIMs) were polymerised on its surface to create a composite material. After characterisation and evaluation of its absorption ability, the composite was used to prepare a solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge for purification of fluoroquinolones in chicken muscle, analysed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The cartridge showed high absorption capacities (378-559 μg) and high recoveries (92.1-99.4%) for eight fluoroquinolones, and could be reused at least 20 times. The limits of detection for the 8 drugs were 0.2-0.8 ng g-1, and recoveries from standard fortified blank chicken muscle samples were 71.9-96.8%. This is the first study reporting the use of molecularly imprinted graphitic carbon nitride composite to determine the residue of veterinary drug in foods of animal origin.

Keywords: Fluoroquinolones; chicken muscle; graphitic carbon nitride; molecularly imprinted microspheres; solid-phase extraction; ultra-performance liquid chromatography.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Chickens
  • Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / methods
  • Chromatography, Liquid
  • Fluoroquinolones* / analysis
  • Graphite
  • Molecular Imprinting* / methods
  • Muscles / chemistry
  • Nitrogen Compounds
  • Solid Phase Extraction / methods

Substances

  • Fluoroquinolones
  • Nitrogen Compounds
  • graphitic carbon nitride
  • Graphite