Performance After Concussion in National Basketball Association Players

Steven F DeFroda; Devan D Patel; John D Milner; Daniel S Yang; Brett D Owens

doi:10.1177/23259671221083661

Performance After Concussion in National Basketball Association Players

Orthop J Sports Med. 2022 Mar 14;10(3):23259671221083661. doi: 10.1177/23259671221083661. eCollection 2022 Mar.

Authors

Steven F DeFroda¹, Devan D Patel², John D Milner², Daniel S Yang², Brett D Owens²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthopaedics, Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
² Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Brown University, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.

Abstract

Background: Concussions have received national attention in collision sports such as football, soccer, and hockey, but less focus has been placed on basketball.

Purpose: To determine return-to-play (RTP) and player performance in the first and second season after concussion in National Basketball Association (NBA) players.

Study design: Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods: An online database of publicly available NBA athlete injuries was queried for instances of "concussion" between 2010 and 2018. The age at injury, team, position, height, weight, body mass index, NBA experience, date of concussion, date of return, and seasons played postconcussion was recorded for each player. Regular-season statistics (games started, games played, minutes played, and player efficiency rating [PER]) were compiled for the season before, and 2 seasons immediately after, injury. Kaplan-Meier survivorship plots were computed for athlete RTP and retirement endpoints.

Results: A total of 81 injuries were identified from 2010 to 2018, with a rate of 2.0 concussions per 100 player-years. Overall RTP was 100% after concussion, with nearly all (88%) returning in the season of injury; 12% of players experienced a season-ending concussion. RTP averaged 37.3 days after injury, varying widely (range, 2-291 days). Compared with preinjury season (78.0%), athletes played in significantly fewer overall games in the season of injury (36.6%; P < .0001), as well as 1 (69.5%; P = .0229) and 2 seasons postinjury (73.2%; P = .3192). PER scores were not significantly different across the study period. Each point increase in a player's preinjury PER score was associated with a 2.4% decrease in PER from the preinjury season to season of injury (P = .0016) and a 3.1% decrease from preinjury to season after injury (P = .0053). Each increasing year of age or year of experience was associated with 5% decline in PER score at 1 season after injury.

Conclusion: NBA players had a high RTP after concussion, with most returning in the same season as the injury. Players sustaining concussions played significantly fewer games for at least 2 seasons after injury. Performance via PER did not change across the entire cohort; however, players with higher preinjury PER, and older players were more likely to sustain a greater decline in performance after injury.

Keywords: NBA; concussion; performance; player efficiency rating; return-to-play.