Exopolysaccharide Produced by Probiotic Bacillus albus DM-15 Isolated From Ayurvedic Fermented Dasamoolarishta: Characterization, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities

Annadurai Vinothkanna; Ganesan Sathiyanarayanan; Amit Kumar Rai; Krishnamurthy Mathivanan; Kandasamy Saravanan; Kumaresan Sudharsan; Palanisamy Kalimuthu; Yongkun Ma; Soundarapandian Sekar

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.832109

Exopolysaccharide Produced by Probiotic Bacillus albus DM-15 Isolated From Ayurvedic Fermented Dasamoolarishta: Characterization, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Activities

Front Microbiol. 2022 Mar 3:13:832109. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.832109. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Annadurai Vinothkanna^{1

2}, Ganesan Sathiyanarayanan³, Amit Kumar Rai⁴, Krishnamurthy Mathivanan⁵, Kandasamy Saravanan⁶, Kumaresan Sudharsan⁷, Palanisamy Kalimuthu⁷, Yongkun Ma¹, Soundarapandian Sekar²

Affiliations

¹ School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.
² Department of Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India.
³ Institute of Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
⁴ Institute of Bioresources and Sustainable Development, Regional Centre, Gangtok, India.
⁵ School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Hunan, China.
⁶ Department of Biochemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India.
⁷ Department of Chemistry, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to be University), Dindigul, India.

Abstract

An exopolysaccharide (EPS) was purified from the probiotic bacterium Bacillus albus DM-15, isolated from the Indian Ayurvedic traditional medicine Dasamoolarishta. Gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses revealed the heteropolymeric nature of the purified EPS with monosaccharide units of glucose, galactose, xylose, and rhamnose. Size-exclusion chromatography had shown the molecular weight of the purified EPS as around 240 kDa. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed the non-crystalline amorphous nature of the EPS. Furthermore, the purified EPS showed the maximum flocculation activity (72.80%) with kaolin clay and emulsification activity (67.04%) with xylene. In addition, the EPS exhibits significant antioxidant activities on DPPH (58.17 ± 0.054%), ABTS (70.47 ± 0.854%) and nitric oxide (58.92 ± 0.744%) radicals in a concentration-dependent way. Moreover, the EPS showed promising cytotoxic activity (20 ± 0.97 μg mL^-1) against the lung carcinoma cells (A549), and subsequent cellular staining revealed apoptotic necrotic characters in damaged A549 cells. The EPS purified from the probiotic strain B. albus DM-15 can be further studied and exploited as a potential carbohydrate polymer in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications.

Keywords: Bacillus ablus; anticancer potential; antioxidant; characterization; exopolysaccharides; probiotics.