The importance of neopterin in COVID-19: The prognostic value and relation with the disease severity

Yousef Rasmi; Nadia Heidari; Kevser Kübra Kırboğa; Shima Hatamkhani; Burcu Tekin; Shahryar Alipour; Roya Naderi; Yeghaneh Farnamian; Ilknur Akca

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.03.002

The importance of neopterin in COVID-19: The prognostic value and relation with the disease severity

Clin Biochem. 2022 Jun:104:1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2022.03.002. Epub 2022 Mar 17.

Authors

Yousef Rasmi¹, Nadia Heidari², Kevser Kübra Kırboğa³, Shima Hatamkhani⁴, Burcu Tekin⁵, Shahryar Alipour⁶, Roya Naderi⁷, Yeghaneh Farnamian⁸, Ilknur Akca⁹

Affiliations

¹ Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
² Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
³ Suleyman Demirel University, Bioengineering Department, Isparta 32260, Turkey.
⁴ Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
⁵ Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology Department, Izmir, Turkey.
⁶ Department of Biochemistry and Applied Cell, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
⁷ Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
⁸ Student Research Center, School of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
⁹ Mersin University, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Mersin, Turkey.

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease 2019 [COVID-19], caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2], has rapidly evolved into a global health emergency. Neopterin [NPT], produced by macrophages when stimulated with interferon [IFN-]gamma, is an essential cytokine in the antiviral immune response. NPT has been used as a marker for the early assessment of disease severity in different diseases. The leading cause of NPT production is the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-. Macrophage activation has also been revealed to be linked with disease severity in SARS-CoV-2 patients. We demonstrate the importance of NPT in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and suggest that targeting NPT in SARS-CoV-2 infection may be critical in the early prediction of disease progression and provision of timely management of infected individuals.

Keywords: COVID-19; Neopterin; Prognosis; SARS CoV-2.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Antiviral Agents
COVID-19* / diagnosis
Cytokines
Humans
Neopterin*
Prognosis
SARS-CoV-2
Severity of Illness Index

Substances

Antiviral Agents
Cytokines
Neopterin