Performance characteristics of the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-cleared digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) assay for BCR::ABL1 monitoring in chronic myelogenous leukemia

PLoS One. 2022 Mar 17;17(3):e0265278. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265278. eCollection 2022.

Abstract

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic stem cell malignancy that accounts for 15-20% of all cases of leukemia. CML is caused by a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 which creates an abnormal fusion gene, BCR::ABL1. The amount of BCR::ABL1 transcript RNA is a marker of disease progression and the effectiveness of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. This study determined the analytical and clinical performance of a droplet digital PCR based assay (QXDx BCR-ABL %IS Kit; Bio-Rad) for BCR::ABL1 quantification. The test has a limit of detection of MR4.7 (0.002%) and a linear range of MR0.3-4.7 (50-0.002%IS). Reproducibility of results across multiple sites, days, instruments, and users was evaluated using panels made from BCR::ABL1 positive patient samples. Clinical performance of the assay was evaluated on patient samples and compared to an existing FDA-cleared test. The reproducibility study noted negligible contributions to variance from site, instrument, day, and user for samples spanning from MR 0.7-4.2. The assay demonstrated excellent clinical correlation with the comparator test using a Deming regression with a Pearson R of 0.99, slope of 1.037 and intercept of 0.1084. This data establishes that the QXDx™ BCR-ABL %IS Kit is an accurate, precise, and sensitive system for the diagnosis and monitoring of CML.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl* / genetics
  • Humans
  • Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* / diagnosis
  • Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* / drug therapy
  • Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive* / genetics
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction / methods
  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • United States
  • United States Food and Drug Administration

Substances

  • Protein Kinase Inhibitors
  • Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl