Characterization of Microwave-Controlled Polyacrylamide Graft Copolymer of Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide

Sheetal Jha; Rishabha Malviya; Shivkanya Fuloria; Sonali Sundram; Vetriselvan Subramaniyan; Mahendran Sekar; Pradeep Kumar Sharma; Srikumar Chakravarthi; Yuan Seng Wu; Neelesh Mishra; Dhanalekshmi Unnikrishnan Meenakshi; Vijay Bhalla; Sinouvassane Djearamane; Neeraj Kumar Fuloria

doi:10.3390/polym14051037

Characterization of Microwave-Controlled Polyacrylamide Graft Copolymer of Tamarind Seed Polysaccharide

Polymers (Basel). 2022 Mar 4;14(5):1037. doi: 10.3390/polym14051037.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pharmacy, SMAS, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201310, India.
² Faculty of Pharmacy & Centre of Excellence for Biomaterials Engineering, AIMST University, Bedong 08100, Malaysia.
³ Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jalan SP 2, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia.
⁴ Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh 30450, Malaysia.
⁵ Accurate College of Pharmacy, Knowledge Park-III, Greater Noida 201306, India.
⁶ Department of Biological Sciences, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Centre for Virus and Vaccine Research, Sunway University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia.
⁷ College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Muscat 130, Oman.
⁸ SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Budhera, Gurugram 122505, India.
⁹ Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia.
¹⁰ Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India.

Abstract

The main objective of the study was to prepare tamarind seed polysaccharide grafted copolymers of polyacrylamide (TSP-g-Am) using a 3² factorial design. Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) was extracted, and grafted copolymer of TSP was prepared using polyacrylamide as copolymer and ceric ammonium nitrate as initiator. Various batches (F1-F9) of TSP-g-Am were prepared, among which F1 showed highest grafting efficiency; hence, the prepared TSP-g-Am (F1) was evaluated for grafting efficiency, conversion, effect of initiator and further characterized using SEM analysis, contact angle determination, DSC analysis, swelling index, swelling and deswelling, and chemical resistance. The contact angle of TSP was found to be 81 ± 2, and that of TSP-g-Am (F1) was found to be 74 ± 2, which indicates that the wetting ability of the grafted copolymer was less than that of the native polymer. The results of thermal analysis indicated that TSP-g-Am had a more stable molecular structure than TSP. The morphology of the grafted polymer was observed from SEM images, and it was observed that the particles was asymmetrical. Antimicrobial activity was also found in the grafted copolymer. The present study concludes that the TSP-g-Am showed an excellent performance in thermal stability and swelling capacity compared with TSP. The detailed structural characteristics, as well as the excellent thermal stability and swelling capacities, will make it beneficial to use the synthesised copolymer as a precursor for the production of large-scale eco-friendly advanced materials with a wide range of applications, acting as a stabiliser, thickener, binder, release retardant, modifier, suspending agent, viscosity enhancer, emulsifying agent, or carrier for novel drug delivery systems in oral, buccal, colon, and ocular systems, and in nanofabrication and wound dressing, and it is also becoming an important part of food, cosmetics, confectionery, and bakery.

Keywords: acrylamide; antibacterial; cerric ammonium nitrate; grafted copolymer; tamarind seed polysaccharides; thermal stability.