Objective: To analyze the pattern and characteristics of occupational diseases in Weihai City from 2009 to 2020, and to provide scientific basis for the formulation of occupational disease prevention. Methods: In February 2021, retrospective analysis was performed on the cases of occupational diseases diagnosed from 2009 to 2020 in Weihai City. The relevant information and data were collected to analyze the types of occupational diseases, onset age, working age, diagnosis time, industry distribution, economic type and enterprise size distribution. Results: From 2009 to 2020, a total of 453 cases of new occupational diseases were reported in Weihai City. There were 431 males (95.14%) and 22 females (4.86%) . The average onset age was (49.16±8.51) years, and the average working age was (17.89±9.30) years. The incidence of pneumoconiosis and other respiratory diseases (322 cases, 71.08%) , occupational otolaryngology and oral diseases (71 cases, 15.67%) and occupational chemical poisoning (36 cases, 7.95%) were the top 3 cases, of which 313 cases were pneumoconiosis and 69 cases were noise deafness. The cases were mainly concentrated in the 40-59 years age group (357 cases, 78.81%) and the 10-19 years working age group (175 cases, 38.63%) . There were significant differences in the incidence of occupational diseases in different ages and different working ages (χ(2)=97.64, 80.74, P<0.001) . The new cases were mainly in mining industry (134 cases, 29.58%) , shipbuilding or maintenance industry (97 cases, 21.41%) , and private enterprises (350 cases, 77.26%) . Conclusion: Pneumoconiosis and noise deafness are the main emerging occupational diseases in Weihai City. Occupational disease prevention and control in private enterprises such as mining and shipbuilding or maintenance industry should be strengthened.
目的： 分析威海市2009至2020年职业病的发病规律和特征，为威海市职业病防治工作的制定提供科学依据。 方法： 于2021年2月，采用回顾性分析，以威海市2009至2020年确诊的职业病病例为研究对象，收集相关信息数据，分析其职业病病种、发病年龄、工龄、诊断时间、行业类型、经济类型及企业规模的分布情况。 结果： 2009至2020年威海市共报告新发职业病453例，其中男性431例（95.14%），女性22例（4.86%），平均发病年龄为（49.16±8.51）岁，平均工龄为（17.89±9.30）年。尘肺病及其他呼吸系统疾病（322例，71.08%）、职业性耳鼻喉口腔疾病（71例，15.67%）和职业性化学中毒（36例，7.95%）的发病例数居前3位，其中尘肺病313例，噪声聋69例；病例主要集中在40~59岁年龄组（357例，78.81%）和10~19年工龄组（175例，38.63%）。不同发病年龄阶段和不同工龄阶段各类别职业病发病率均存在统计学差异（χ(2)=97.64、80.74，P<0.001）。新发病例主要集中在采矿业（134例，29.58%）和船舶制造或维修业（97例，21.41%），以私有经济企业为主（350例，77.26%）。 结论： 威海市新发职业病以尘肺病和噪声聋为主，应加强采矿业和船舶制造业或维修业等私有经济企业的职业病防治工作。.
Keywords: Chemical poisoning; Noise deafness; Occupational disease; Pneumoconiosis.