Degradation of sulfamethazine in water by sulfite activated with zero-valent Fe-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles

Abstract

In this work, zero-valent Fe-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles were synthesized using a facile method, and applied to activate sulfite for the degradation of sulfamethazine (SMT) from the aqueous solution. The key factors influencing SMT degradation were investigated, namely the theoretical loading of Cu, Fe-Cu catalyst dosage, sulfite concentration and initial solution pH. The experimental results showed that the Fe-Cu/sulfite system exhibited a much better performance in SMT degradation than the bare Fe⁰/sulfite system. The mechanism and possible degradation pathway of SMT in Fe-Cu/sulfite system were revealed. The reactive radicals that played a dominant role in the SMT degradation process were •OH and SO₄^•-, while the loading of Cu induced the synergistic effect between Fe and Cu. The redox cycle between Cu(I)/Cu(II) remarkably contributed to the conversion of Fe(III) to Fe(II), greatly enhancing the catalytic performance of Fe-Cu bimetal. In real groundwater applications, the Fe-Cu/sulfite system also exhibited satisfactory SMT degradation. The 30-day aging tests of Fe-Cu particles demonstrated that the aging of catalyst was not obviously affecting the removal of SMT. Furthermore, the reusability of catalyst was evidenced by the recycling experiments. This study provides a promising application of bimetal activated sulfite for enhanced contaminant degradation in groundwater.

Keywords: Advanced oxidation; Bimetal; Groundwater; Sulfamethazine; Sulfite.