Preoperative anemia is an established risk factor for complications following total joint arthroplasty. Postoperative anemia can be managed with allogeneic blood transfusion, but this has inherent risks. A thorough preoperative workup can help to diagnose anemia and optimize these patients for surgery to minimize the need for postoperative transfusion. Perioperatively, the amount of blood loss can be minimized by using hypotensive anesthetic techniques and administering antifibrinolytic agents. Last, in the event that allogeneic blood transfusion is still required, strict transfusion guidelines should be followed. Evidence-based interventions for preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative blood management in total joint arthroplasty will be reviewed.