Risk Factor of Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus: Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Protein

Zhiwen Wang; Yuxin Chen; Xinhui Zhou; Changfeng Wang; Xianjun Chen; Feixiang Min; Ruen Liu; Hui Xiang

doi:10.3389/fsurg.2022.692383

Risk Factor of Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus: Cerebrospinal Fluid Total Protein

Front Surg. 2022 Feb 17:9:692383. doi: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.692383. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Zhiwen Wang¹, Yuxin Chen², Xinhui Zhou³, Changfeng Wang¹, Xianjun Chen¹, Feixiang Min¹, Ruen Liu^{1

4}, Hui Xiang¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
² Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
³ Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.
⁴ Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.

Abstract

Objective: Cerebrospinal fluid total protein (CSF-TP) levels in adults with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) are poorly studied. The objective of this study was to explore the characteristics of CSF-TP levels in patients with PHH.

Methods: The clinical data of 156 patients with hemorrhagic brain disease were retrospectively studied and divided into PHH and NPHH groups. Single-factor and multi-factor analyses were performed, and the key role of CSF-TP was evaluated using linear analysis.

Results: Among the 156 patients, 85 (54.5%) had PHH and 34 (21.8%) underwent surgeries. Hypertension (p = 0.017), days [total fever time when body temperature ≥ 38.5°C (p = 0.04)], Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (p < 0.001), and time (from the onset of the disease to the obtainment of CSF-TP after lumbar puncture (p < 0.001) were important factors for PHH. Logistic regression analysis revealed that GCS score < 8 [odds ratio (OR) = 2.943 (1.421-6.097), p = 0.004] and CSF-TP × time ≥ 9,600 [OR = 2.317 (1.108-4.849), p = 0.026] were independent risk factors for PHH. All CSF-TP values were averaged every 2 days. CSF-TP was negatively correlated with time. Linear analysis showed that CSF-TP in the PHH group was higher than that in the NPHH group at the same onset time, and that the duration of detectionin the CSF was longer.

Conclusion: Cerebrospinal fluid total protein (CSF-TP) × time ≥ 9,600 and GCS score <8 were independent risk factors for PHH. CSF-TP was higher in the PHH group than in the NPHH group.

Keywords: GCS; cerebrospinal fluid total protein; intracerebral hemorrhage; intraventricular hemorrhage; posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus; subarachnoid space hemorrhage; traumatic brain injuries.