Prevalence and Biochemical Associations of Fever in Adults With Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Proven Coronavirus Disease Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Rawalpindi

Muhammad Sheharyar Khan; Muhammad Khurram; Shehrbano Qaiser; Najia Mahmood; Faramarz Khan; Muhammad Mujeeb Khan

doi:10.7759/cureus.21724

Prevalence and Biochemical Associations of Fever in Adults With Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction Proven Coronavirus Disease Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospitals in Rawalpindi

Cureus. 2022 Jan 30;14(1):e21724. doi: 10.7759/cureus.21724. eCollection 2022 Jan.

Authors

Muhammad Sheharyar Khan¹, Muhammad Khurram^{2

3}, Shehrbano Qaiser⁴, Najia Mahmood³, Faramarz Khan³, Muhammad Mujeeb Khan⁵

Affiliations

¹ Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Islamabad, PAK.
² Internal Medicine, Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, PAK.
³ Internal Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PAK.
⁴ Internal Medicine, Fauji Foundation Hospital Rawalpindi, Islamabad, PAK.
⁵ Infectious Diseases, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi, PAK.

Abstract

Background Clinically most apparent symptoms of COVID-19 include fever and cough, which in some patients show a worsening trend but are completely non-apparent in patients who present with an asymptomatic course of the disease. The aim of this study was to identify clinical and biochemical differences among polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive patients who are either febrile or afebrile. Methods This study was conducted in Rawalpindi Medical University and Allied Hospitals between September and December 2020. All patients who tested positive for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) COVID-19 were included in the study. After evaluation of 146 patients, 100 were selected, and with a response rate of 97%, a total of 97 patients were included in the final analysis. Depending on the presence of fever, the participants were divided into two groups. Both groups were then compared for baselines vitals and laboratory investigations. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS v23.0 (IBM Inc., Armonk, New York). Results Among the 97 patients, 66 (68%) of the participants were male, and 31 (32%) were females. The mean age of the study participants was 45.23±18.08 years. Fever was present in 39 (40.2%) of the participants. When compared with patients with no fever, the patients with fever had greater severity of disease (p<0.001), higher heart rate (p<0.001), decreased oxygen saturation (p<0.001). Among the laboratory investigations, the fever group had a greater tendency of having deranged alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (70.82±29.23 vs. 32.83±16.22, p=0.010), Lymphocytes (1.56±0.54 vs. 2.12±0.94, p=0.003) and serum total bilirubin (1.06±0.36 vs. 0.55±0.21, p=0.009). Based on multiple regression analysis, the presence of fever is a predictor of derangement in ALT (OR=1.034, CI=1.001-1.068 p=0.025) and total bilirubin (OR=4.38, CI=2.14-6.78, p=0.021). Conclusion Fever may not be present among all patients presenting with COVID-19 infection, but those who have a fever have a greater risk of having deranged liver function tests. Hence, it is important to monitor liver function tests (LFTs) in COVID-19 patients presenting with fever.

Keywords: alt (alanine aminotransferase); covid-19; fever; real-time pcr; total serum bilirubin.