Objective: To evaluate re-osseointegration after electrolytic cleaning and regenerative therapy of dental implants with peri-implantitis in humans.
Material and methods: Four dental implants that developed peri-implantitis underwent electrolytic cleaning followed by regenerative therapy with guided bone regeneration. All four implants developed recurrent peri-implantitis and were therefore explanted 6 to 13 months later. Radiographic bone level, probing depth, and bleeding on probing were determined at the time of surgery, 6 months later, and before implant retrieval. The peri-implant tissues were histologically and histomorphometrically analyzed.
Results: All four implants demonstrated radiographic and histological bone gain, reduced probing depth, and bleeding on probing. Radiographic bone gain was 5.8 mm mesially and 4.8 mm distally for implant #1, 3.3 mm and 2.3 mm for implant #2, 3.1 mm and 0.5 mm for implant #3, and 3.5 mm and 2.8 mm for implant #4. The histometric mean and maximum vertical bone gain for implant #1 to #4 was 1.65 mm and 2.54 mm, 3.04 mm and 3.47 mm, 0.43 mm and 1.27 mm, and 4.16 mm and 5.22 mm, respectively. The percentage of re-osseointegration for implant #1 to #4 was 21.0%, 36.9%, 5.7%, and 39.0%, respectively. In one implant, the newly formed bone was deposited directly onto calculus on the implant surface.
Conclusions: We found that (1) re-osseointegration is possible on a formerly contaminated implant surface and (2) the electrolytic cleaning process seems to be effective enough at sites with calculus residues.
Clinical relevance: Since re-osseointegration can be achieved by electrolytic cleaning, this decontamination technique may be considered as a future treatment concept.
Keywords: Dental implants; Electrolytic cleaning; Peri-implantitis; Re-osseointegration; Therapeutics.
© 2022. The Author(s).