Autonomic dysfunction in patients with COVID‑19

Abstract

Purpose: Autonomic dysfunction in patients with viral infections has been described before. In this study, we aimed to evaluate autonomic functions in patients with the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVİD-19).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we compared 112 patients who had recovered from COVID-19 and 106 healthy controls. Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction were assessed with the SCOPA-AUT scale.

Results: Pupillomotor, urinary and sudomotor subscores of SCOPA-AUT scale were significantly higher in the COVID-19 patient group (p = 0.03, p = 0,006, p = 0.0001, respectively). There were no significant difference in terms of gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, sexual subscores and total SCOPA-AUT scores between the patient and control groups. The presence of fatigue symptom in the acute phase of COVID-19 increased the total SCOPA-AUT score by 2.2 points (p = 0.04) whereas the presence of smell loss (OR = 5.82, p = 0.01) and dyspnea (OR = 5.8, p = 0.03) were significant risk factors for pupillomotor dysfunction. The urinary, cardiovascular, sexual subscores and the total score of SCOPA-AUT scale were positively correlated with the age of the patient group.

Conclusion: Our study suggests that many patients might have prolonged symptoms of autonomic dysfunction after the acute phase of COVID-19 that might worsen the clinical recovery.

Keywords: Autonomic dysfunction; COVID-19; SCOPA-AUT; Sudomotor.