Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Isolated Compounds from Prosopis africana Leaves

Lambert Yanda; Simplice J N Tatsimo; Jean-De-Dieu Tamokou; Germaine Matsuete-Takongmo; Sylvie Carolle Meffo-Dongmo; Alain Meli Lannang; Norbert Sewald

doi:10.1155/2022/4205823

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities of Isolated Compounds from Prosopis africana Leaves

Int J Anal Chem. 2022 Feb 17:2022:4205823. doi: 10.1155/2022/4205823. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Lambert Yanda^{1

2}, Simplice J N Tatsimo², Jean-De-Dieu Tamokou³, Germaine Matsuete-Takongmo³, Sylvie Carolle Meffo-Dongmo³, Alain Meli Lannang^{2

4}, Norbert Sewald⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, The University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon.
² Natural Product and Environmental Chemistry Group (NAPEC), Department of Chemistry, Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua, Box 55, Maroua, Cameroon.
³ Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, P. O Box 67, Cameroon.
⁴ Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon.
⁵ Department of Chemistry, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.

Abstract

Prosopis africana (G. &Perr.) Taub (Mimosaceae) is a large tree native to dry tropical Africa and characteristic of dry leguminous forests. Different parts of this plant are used to treat wounds, skin infection, and to fight against cancer. Literature review indicated various pharmacological properties. Despite these medicinal properties, the chemical composition studies remain limited. This study aims to isolate and characterize secondary metabolites from P. africana leaves and evaluate their antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Air-dried powdered leaves of P. africana were macerated in methanol at room temperature and partitioned with ethyl acetate. The EtOAc extract was subjected successively to flash and column chromatographies in order to isolate compounds. The structure of the isolates was determined with help of spectroscopic data including 1D and 2D NMR experiments and comparison with literature data. The antibacterial activities were evaluated via determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The antioxidant activities were evaluated via gallic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (GEAC) and diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assays. The chemical investigation of the EtOAc extract led to the isolation of seven compounds: (2E, 6E) farnesylamine (1), myricetin-3-O-rhamnoside (2), bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate (3), lupeol (4), ß-sitosterol (5), stigmasterol glycoside (6), and a mixture of bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate (3) and bis(2-ethylhexyl) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (7) in ratio 1 : 2. Compound 1 is described here for the first time as a natural product with complete ¹H and ¹³C assignments. Compounds 3 and 7 were identified as artefacts from dichloromethane. Sesquiterpene amine (1) is reported in Prosopis genus for the first time. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of isolated compounds were investigated. Among the tested samples, the EtOAc extract and compound 2 exhibited the highest antioxidant (EC₅₀ = 5.67-77.56 μg/mL; GEAC = 36.58-89.28 μg/mL) and antibacterial (MIC = 8-64 μg/mL) activities against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The EtOAc extract and compound 2 from P. africana exhibited antibacterial activity through bacteriolytic effects and reduction of the antioxidant defenses in the bacterial cells. Furthermore, the chemotaxonomic significance of isolated compounds was discussed. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ethyl acetate extract and compound 2 can justify the traditional uses of P. africana leaves for the treatment of diseases related to bacterial infections. The presence of compounds 1, 2, and 4 in this plant should also be considered as valuable chemotaxonomic features.