The Neuropsychiatric Changes After COVID-19 Quarantine in Patients With Cognitive Impairment and Their Caregivers in Chongqing, China: A Cohort Study

Shiyun Yuan; Wenbo Zhang; Qiang Yao; Wenqi Lü; Wuhan Yu; Fuxin Zhong; Yan Wang; Dianxia Xing; Xiaoqin Wang; Jiaqi Song; Hong Huang; Chenxi Chen; Junjin Liu; Weihua Yu; Yang Lü

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2021.762907

The Neuropsychiatric Changes After COVID-19 Quarantine in Patients With Cognitive Impairment and Their Caregivers in Chongqing, China: A Cohort Study

Front Aging Neurosci. 2022 Feb 10:13:762907. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.762907. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Shiyun Yuan¹, Wenbo Zhang¹, Qiang Yao², Wenqi Lü³, Wuhan Yu¹, Fuxin Zhong⁴, Yan Wang⁵, Dianxia Xing¹, Xiaoqin Wang¹, Jiaqi Song⁴, Hong Huang¹, Chenxi Chen¹, Junjin Liu¹, Weihua Yu⁴, Yang Lü¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
² Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
³ Department of Psychiatry, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China.
⁴ Institutes of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
⁵ Foreign Language College, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Abstract

Background: The follow-up study on neuropsychiatric changes after the lifting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quarantine in patients with cognitive impairment and their caregivers is still lacking, and relative information is needed to formulate more comprehensive healthcare prevention measures worldwide.

Aims: To provide data on the changes in neuropsychiatric performance after the lifting of COVID-19 quarantine in patients with cognitive disorders and their caregivers.

Methods: Two surveys in Chongqing, China were conducted via telephonic interview with 531 patients and their caregivers. The baseline survey was performed from February 11 to 23, 2020, and the follow-up was from October 24 to November 9, 2020. The data of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs), sleep, nutrition, and chronic diseases of patients, as well as the burden of care, anxiety, and depression of caregivers were evaluated.

Results: Significant alleviation of NPSs after the lifting of COVID-19 quarantine was observed in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia (both P < 0.05). Compared with baseline, the prevalence for NPSs of all participants dropped from 57.94 to 38.82%. Among NPS subdomains, apathy displayed the biggest decline at follow-up by 10.72%, followed by nighttime behavior by 8.65%. Mixed effect generalized estimation equation analysis showed significant amelioration in hallucination, depression, apathy, irritability, aberrant motor behavior, and nighttime behavior (all P < 0.05), with the most prominent changes in nighttime behavior and apathy. Among the patients with unsatisfactory control of chronic disease, the medication adherence rate dropped by approximately 30% after the lifting of quarantine. More importantly, around 13% increase of care burden was observed among the caregivers at follow-up, with both depression and anxiety rising by nearly 4%.

Conclusion: The prolonged quarantine may exacerbate NPS in patients with memory disorders, while the care burden and mental stability of the caregivers after the pandemic should also be concerned.

Keywords: COVID-19; caregivers; cognitive impairment; cohort study; neuropsychiatric impact.