Abstract
Over 800 known carotenoids are synthesized from phytoene or 4,4'-diapophytoene (dehydrosqualene) characterized by three conjugated double bonds. In this paper, we report that carotenoid desaturase CrtN from Staphylococcus aureus and Methylomonas can accept oxidosqualene, which is the precursor for plant- or animal-type triterpenoids, yielding the yellow carotenoid pigments with 8, 9, or 10 conjugated double bonds. The resulting pathway is the second nonnatural route for carotenoid pigments and the first pathway for carotenoid pigments not biosynthesized via (diapo)phytoene.
Keywords:
Carotenoid; Non-natural routes; Oxidosqualene; Squalene; Triterpenoid.
Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Bacterial Proteins / genetics
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Bacterial Proteins / metabolism
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Biosynthetic Pathways / physiology*
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Carotenoids / chemistry
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Carotenoids / metabolism*
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Escherichia coli / genetics
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Escherichia coli / metabolism*
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Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase / genetics
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Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase / metabolism
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Microorganisms, Genetically-Modified
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Oxidoreductases / genetics
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Oxidoreductases / metabolism
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Recombinant Proteins / genetics
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Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
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Squalene / analogs & derivatives*
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Squalene / metabolism
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Squalene Monooxygenase / genetics
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Squalene Monooxygenase / metabolism
Substances
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Bacterial Proteins
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Recombinant Proteins
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oxidosqualene
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Carotenoids
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Squalene
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Oxidoreductases
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Squalene Monooxygenase
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phytoene dehydrogenase
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Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase