Sleep Patterns, Genetic Susceptibility, and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Study of 370 671 Participants

Haojie Zhang; Bin Wang; Chi Chen; Ying Sun; Jie Chen; Xiao Tan; Fangzhen Xia; Jihui Zhang; Yingli Lu; Ningjian Wang

doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.725478

Sleep Patterns, Genetic Susceptibility, and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Study of 370 671 Participants

Front Neurosci. 2022 Jan 31:16:725478. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.725478. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Haojie Zhang¹, Bin Wang¹, Chi Chen¹, Ying Sun¹, Jie Chen², Xiao Tan^{3

4}, Fangzhen Xia¹, Jihui Zhang⁵, Yingli Lu¹, Ningjian Wang¹

Affiliations

¹ Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
² Sleep Assessment Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
³ Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
⁴ Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
⁵ Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.

Abstract

Objectives: Unhealthy sleep behaviors may be potential risk factors for chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to examine the associations of combined sleep patterns and genetic susceptibility with incident CKD.

Methods: This large-scale prospective cohort study included 370,671 participants without CKD at baseline (2006-2010) in UK Biobank data. Five sleep behaviors were made up of sleep duration, insomnia, snoring, chronotype, and daytime sleepiness according to questionnaire. Overall sleep patterns by summing the five scores were created. Weighted genetic risk score of kidney function was calculated. Incident CKD was recorded from death register, primary care, and hospital inpatient records. A subset of 41,130 individuals who participated both the initial assessment visit and follow-up visit (2012+) was also used.

Results: During a median follow-up of 10.6 years (about 3.9 million person-years), we documented 6,365 patients with incident CKD. In five sleep behaviors, sleep 7-8 h/day, free of insomnia and no frequent daytime sleepiness were independently associated with incident CKD, with a 12% (95%CI 7-16), 9% (3-14), 13% (9-18) lower risk, respectively. Compared to those with a sleep score of 0-1, participants with a score of 5 had a 21% (10-31%) lower risk of CKD. 17.1% of CKD in this cohort could be attributed to total poor sleep pattern. Participants with high genetic risk and intermediate or poor sleep pattern showed the highest risk of CKD (OR = 2.58, 95%CI 2.24-2.96; OR = 2.59, 95%CI 2.02-3.32, respectively), although there was no significant interaction between sleep patterns and genetic risk categories. Among individuals who participated both the initial assessment visit and follow-up visit, we found that the association between amelioration of sleep pattern and risk of CKD was significant after fully adjustment (OR = 0.60, 95%CI 0.36-0.99), compared with group of stable sleep pattern.

Conclusion: In this large prospective study, participants with a healthy sleep pattern was associated with a significant reduction of incident CKD risk no matter they had a high, intermediate, or low genetic risk.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease; gene; middle-aged and elderly population; prospective cohort; sleep pattern.