The ventilation of buildings and other mitigating measures for COVID-19: a focus on wintertime

Henry C Burridge; Rajesh K Bhagat; Marc E J Stettler; Prashant Kumar; Ishanki De Mel; Panagiotis Demis; Allen Hart; Yyanis Johnson-Llambias; Marco-Felipe King; Oleksiy Klymenko; Alison McMillan; Piotr Morawiecki; Thomas Pennington; Michael Short; David Sykes; Philippe H Trinh; Stephen K Wilson; Clint Wong; Hayley Wragg; Megan S Davies Wykes; Chris Iddon; Andrew W Woods; Nicola Mingotti; Neeraja Bhamidipati; Huw Woodward; Clive Beggs; Hywel Davies; Shaun Fitzgerald; Christopher Pain; P F Linden

doi:10.1098/rspa.2020.0855

The ventilation of buildings and other mitigating measures for COVID-19: a focus on wintertime

Proc Math Phys Eng Sci. 2021 Mar;477(2247):20200855. doi: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0855. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Authors

Henry C Burridge¹, Rajesh K Bhagat², Marc E J Stettler¹, Prashant Kumar³, Ishanki De Mel⁴, Panagiotis Demis⁴, Allen Hart⁵, Yyanis Johnson-Llambias⁵, Marco-Felipe King⁶, Oleksiy Klymenko⁴, Alison McMillan⁷, Piotr Morawiecki⁵, Thomas Pennington⁵, Michael Short⁴, David Sykes⁸, Philippe H Trinh⁵, Stephen K Wilson⁹, Clint Wong¹⁰, Hayley Wragg⁵, Megan S Davies Wykes¹¹, Chris Iddon¹², Andrew W Woods¹³, Nicola Mingotti¹³, Neeraja Bhamidipati¹³, Huw Woodward¹⁴, Clive Beggs¹⁵, Hywel Davies¹², Shaun Fitzgerald¹¹, Christopher Pain¹⁶, P F Linden²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Imperial College London, Skempton Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
² Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK.
³ Global Centre for Clean Air Research (GCARE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
⁴ Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
⁵ Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
⁶ School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
⁷ Prifysgol Glyndŵr Wrecsam, Ffordd yr Wyddgrug, Wrecsam LL11 2AW: Wrexham Glyndŵr University, Mold Road, Wrexham LL11 2AW, UK.
⁸ AEROS Consultancy, 35 Nairn St, Glasgow G3 8SE, UK.
⁹ Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Strathclyde, Livingstone Tower, 26 Richmond Street, Glasgow G1 1XH, UK.
¹⁰ Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
¹¹ Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK.
¹² Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers, 222 Balham High Road, London SW12 9BS, UK.
¹³ BP Institute for Multiphase Flow, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0EZ, UK.
¹⁴ Centre for Environmental Policy, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
¹⁵ Carnegie School of Sport, Headingley Campus, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds LS6 3QT, UK.
¹⁶ Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, Royal School of Mines, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK.

Abstract

The year 2020 has seen the emergence of a global pandemic as a result of the disease COVID-19. This report reviews knowledge of the transmission of COVID-19 indoors, examines the evidence for mitigating measures, and considers the implications for wintertime with a focus on ventilation.

Keywords: Building ventilation; COVID-19; Infection control; SARS-CoV-2.

Publication types

Review

Associated data

figshare/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5325030