Toxicity to sea urchin embryos of crude and bunker oils weathered under ice alone and mixed with dispersant

Laura DeMiguel-Jiménez; Nestor Etxebarria; Helena C Reinardy; Xabier Lekube; Ionan Marigómez; Urtzi Izagirre

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113345

Toxicity to sea urchin embryos of crude and bunker oils weathered under ice alone and mixed with dispersant

Mar Pollut Bull. 2022 Feb:175:113345. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113345. Epub 2022 Feb 10.

Authors

Laura DeMiguel-Jiménez¹, Nestor Etxebarria², Helena C Reinardy³, Xabier Lekube¹, Ionan Marigómez⁴, Urtzi Izagirre¹

Affiliations

¹ BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena auzoa z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain.
² IBeA Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena auzoa z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain.
³ Aquaculture Science Department, Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), PO Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway.
⁴ BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena auzoa z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain. Electronic address: ionan.marigomez@ehu.eus.

PMID: 35151077
DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113345

Abstract

A multi-index approach (larval lenghthening and malformations, developmental disruption, and genotoxicity) was applied using sea-urchin embryos as test-organisms. PAH levels measured in the under-ice weathered aqueous fraction (UIWAF) were lower than in the low-energy water accommodated fraction (LEWAF) and similar amongst UIWAFs of different oils. UIWAFs and LEWAFs caused toxic effects, more markedly in UIWAFs, that could not be attributed to measured individual PAHs or to their mixture. Conversely, UIWAF was less genotoxic than LEWAF, most likely because naphthalene concentrations were also lower. In agreement, NAN LEWAF, the most genotoxic, exhibited the highest naphthalene levels. Dispersant addition produced less consistent changes in PAH levels and embryo toxicity in UIWAFs than in LEWAFs, and did not modify LEWAF genotoxicity. Overall, under ice weathering resulted in lowered waterborne PAHs and genotoxicity but augmented embryo toxicity, not modified by dispersant application.

Keywords: Dispersant; Genotoxicity; Iced seas; Oil; Sea urchin embryo; Toxicity.

MeSH terms

Animals
Ice
Oils
Petroleum Pollution* / analysis
Petroleum* / toxicity
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons* / toxicity
Sea Urchins
Water Pollutants, Chemical* / toxicity

Substances

Ice
Oils
Petroleum
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Water Pollutants, Chemical