Ultrasound-guided retrobulbar nerve block in donkey cadavers

Usama Hagag; Ayman El Nahas

doi:10.1016/j.vaa.2022.01.002

Ultrasound-guided retrobulbar nerve block in donkey cadavers

Vet Anaesth Analg. 2022 Mar;49(2):197-202. doi: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.01.002. Epub 2022 Jan 19.

Authors

Usama Hagag¹, Ayman El Nahas²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, AL Shamlah Street, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt. Electronic address: usama.hagag@vet.bsu.edu.eg.
² Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Kingdom Saudi Arabia.

PMID: 35148935
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaa.2022.01.002

Abstract

Objective: To develop and describe an acoustic window to access and inject the retrobulbar region in donkey cadavers.

Study design: Prospective cadaveric experimental study.

Animals: A total of 14 donkey cadaver heads.

Methods: Ultrasound landmarks for retrobulbar injection were identified by dissection of two cadavers. Ultrasound-guided retrobulbar injection of 3, 6 and 9 mL of contrast-lidocaine mixture (1:1) were evaluated using computed tomography (CT) in 12 cadavers for needle position and spread of injectate into the extraocular muscle cone.

Results: Real-time visualization of needle, extraocular muscle cone and optic nerve enabled successful intraconal instillation of injectate, as documented on CT images.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: Ultrasound-guided retrobulbar injections in cadaver donkeys provided adequate infiltration of the intraconal space.

Keywords: donkey; nerve block; retrobulbar; ultrasound-guided.

MeSH terms

Animals
Cadaver
Equidae*
Humans
Nerve Block* / methods
Nerve Block* / veterinary
Prospective Studies
Ultrasonography, Interventional / methods
Ultrasonography, Interventional / veterinary