Genital Immune Cell Activation and Tenofovir Gel Efficacy: A Case-Control Study

Lenine J P Liebenberg; Jo Ann S Passmore; Farzana Osman; Janine Jewanraj; Andile Mtshali; J Gerardo Garcia-Lerma; Walid Heneine; Angela Holder; Derseree Archary; Sinaye Ngcapu; Aida Sivro; Leila E Mansoor; Quarraisha Abdool Karim; Salim S Abdool Karim; Lyle R McKinnon

doi:10.1093/cid/ciac115

Genital Immune Cell Activation and Tenofovir Gel Efficacy: A Case-Control Study

Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Sep 29;75(6):1088-1091. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciac115.

Authors

Lenine J P Liebenberg^{1

2}, Jo Ann S Passmore^{1

3

4}, Farzana Osman¹, Janine Jewanraj^{1

2}, Andile Mtshali^{1

2}, J Gerardo Garcia-Lerma⁵, Walid Heneine⁵, Angela Holder⁵, Derseree Archary^{1

2}, Sinaye Ngcapu^{1

2}, Aida Sivro^{1

2

6}, Leila E Mansoor^{1

7}, Quarraisha Abdool Karim^{1

8}, Salim S Abdool Karim^{1

8}, Lyle R McKinnon^{1

6}

Affiliations

¹ Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.
² School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
³ Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁴ National Health Laboratory Service, Cape Town, South Africa.
⁵ Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/ AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
⁶ Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
⁷ School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
⁸ Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.

Abstract

Genital inflammation (GI) undermines topical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) efficacy through unknown mechanisms. Here, associations between activated endocervical CD4 + T-cell numbers and higher deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) concentrations suggest that competition for intracellular metabolites within HIV target cells may reduce the efficacy of antiretroviral-based PrEP in women with GI.

Keywords: HIV; dATP; genital inflammation; immune activation; tenofovir.

Publication types

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

Anti-HIV Agents* / therapeutic use
Case-Control Studies
Deoxyadenosines / therapeutic use
Emtricitabine / therapeutic use
Female
Genitalia
HIV Infections* / drug therapy
HIV Infections* / prevention & control
Humans
Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis*
Tenofovir / therapeutic use

Substances

Anti-HIV Agents
Deoxyadenosines
Tenofovir
Emtricitabine