Objective: To examine the efficacy and safety of endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) combined with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). Methods: Computer-based retrieval was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, and VIP database (up to February 12th, 2021). Randomized controlled trials about endothelin receptor antagonists (ERAs) or PDE5i in patients with PAH were collected. The change of 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) in 12-16 weeks was used as primary outcome index. Case fatality rate, worsening clinical events, WHO functional class (FC) improvement, adverse events (AEs), serious adverse events (SAE) were the key secondary outcomes indicators. STATA 16.0 software was used for network meta-analysis, and the pooled estimates of odds ratios (ORs) or weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the results were shown. To help explain ORs and WMDs, we used the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) to calculate the probability of each intervention. Results: We included 29 trials with 5 949 participants. In network meta-analysis, Bosentan combined with Sildenafil (WMD=53.93, 95%CI=6.19-101.66) had shown the greatest improvement in 6MWD compared with placebo, followed by Bosentan combined with Tadalafil (WMD=50.84, 95%CI=7.05-94.62), Ambrisentan combined with Tadalafil (WMD=46.67, 95%CI=15.88-77.45), Bosentan (WMD=29.44, 95%CI=5.86-53.02), Ambrisentan (WMD=23.90, 95%CI=0.31-47.48) and Macitentan (WMD=21.57, 95%CI=2.45-40.69). According to SUCRA, the effects of different intervention measures on improving 6MWD in patients with arterial pulmonary hypertension were as follows: Bosentan+Sildenafil (82.9%)>Bosentan+Tadalafil (78.4%)>Ambrisentan+Tadalafil (77.1%)>Bosentan (49.2%)>Sildenafil (48.5%)>Ambrisentan (40.3%)>Macitentan (37.3%)>Tadalafil (33.0%)>Placebo (3.3%). For the WHO functional class, Sildenafil (OR=2.90, 95%CI=1.04-8.08) was optimal compared with placebo, followed by Bosentan (OR=2.15, 95%CI=1.15-4.04), and there was no significant difference in the rest. For clinical worsening, Bosentan combined with Tadalafil (OR=0.08, 95%CI=0.01-0.49) performed best compared with placebo, followed by Bosentan (OR=0.20, 95%CI=0.11-0.38), Bosentan combined with Sildenafil (OR=0.21, 95%CI=0.09-0.46), Ambrisentan combined with Tadalafil (OR=0.27, 95%CI=0.15-0.50), Sildenafil (OR=0.33, 95%CI=0.17-0.66) and Tadalafil (OR=0.44, 95%CI=0.21-0.90). There was no statistical difference between all interventions and placebo in terms of the incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events. For case fatality rate, Ambrisentan (OR=0.28, 95%CI=0.11-0.74) was statistically superior to placebo and there was no statistics difference in the rest. Conclusions: The combination therapy of ERAs and PDE5i performed well in the short-term improvement of motor function. Furthermore, there was no significant difference with monotherapy in terms of safety. However, it is worth emphasizing that the choice of treatment should be based on the patient's individualized situation and the patient's requirements.
目的： 通过网状Meta分析确定内皮素受体拮抗剂联合5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂治疗动脉性肺动脉高压（PAH）的有效性和安全性。 方法： 使用标准检索式［（“Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension”OR“PAH”）AND（“Bosentan”OR“Ambrisentan”OR“Macitentan”OR“Sildenafil”OR“Tadalafil”）］检索PubMed和Cochrane Library数据库；使用检索词“肺动脉高压”“波生坦”“安立生坦”“马西腾坦”“西地那非”“他达拉非”检索中国知网（CNKI）、万方数据和维普等中文数据库。检索时间截至2021年2月12日。阅读所有文献筛选纳入比较3种内皮素受体拮抗剂和2种5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂以及联合治疗方案治疗动脉性肺动脉高压的随机对照临床试验（RCT）。以随访12~16周6 min步行距离作为主要结果指标，病死率、临床恶化率、WHO心功能提升、不良事件（AE）和严重不良事件（SAE）作为关键的次要结果指标。使用STATA 16.0软件进行网状Meta分析，合并估计结果的优势比（OR）或加权平均差（WMD）和95%置信区间（CI）。使用累积排名曲线下面积（SUCRA）来计算各干预项的概率，帮助解释OR或WMD。 结果： 共纳入29篇文献，包含5 949例PAH患者。网状Meta分析结果显示，在改善6 min步行距离方面，与安慰剂比较，波生坦+西地那非提升最大（WMD=53.93，95%CI：6.19~101.66），其次为波生坦+他达拉非（WMD=50.84，95%CI：7.05~94.62），安立生坦+他达拉非（WMD=46.67，95%CI：15.88~77.45），波生坦（WMD=29.44，95%CI：5.86~53.02），安立生坦（WMD=23.90，95%CI：0.31~47.48），马西腾坦（WMD=21.57，95%CI：2.45~40.69）。不同干预措施对提高动脉性肺动脉高压患者6 min步行距离的效果，根据SUCRA排序依次为：波生坦+西地那非（82.9%）>波生坦+他达拉非（78.4%）>安立生坦+他达拉非（77.1%）>波生坦（49.2%）>西地那非（48.5%）>安立生坦（40.3%）>马西腾坦（37.3%）>他达拉非（33.0%）>安慰剂（3.3%）。在提高WHO心功能分级方面，与安慰剂相比，西地那非最优（OR=2.90，95%CI：1.04~8.08），其次为波生坦（OR=2.15，95%CI：1.15-4.04），其余差异均无统计学意义。在降低临床恶化率方面，相较于安慰剂，波生坦+他达拉非最优（OR=0.08，95%CI：0.01~0.49），其次依次为波生坦（OR=0.20，95%CI：0.11~0.38），波生坦+西地那非（OR=0.21，95%CI：0.09~0.46），安立生坦+他达拉非（OR=0.27，95%CI：0.15~0.50），西地那非（OR=0.33，95%CI：0.17~0.66），他达拉非（OR=0.44，95%CI：0.21~0.90）。在不良事件发生率与严重不良事件发生率方面，所有干预措施与安慰剂相比差异均无统计学意义。在病死率方面，安立生坦（OR=0.28，95%CI：0.11~0.74）在统计学上优于安慰剂，其余差异均无统计学意义。 结论： 内皮素受体拮抗剂与5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂联合治疗方案在短期改善运动功能方面均表现较好。并且在安全性方面，与单药治疗并无明显差异。然而，未来在选择治疗方案时，应该根据患者的个体化情况以及患者的需求进行选择。.