Synthetic Neoglycoconjugates of Hepta- and Nonamannoside Ligands for Eliciting Oligomannose-Specific HIV-1-Neutralizing Antibodies

Abstract

Oligomannose-type glycans on the spike protein of HIV-1 constitute relevant epitopes to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Herein we describe an improved synthesis of α- and β-linked hepta- and nonamannosyl ligands that were subsequently converted into BSA and CRM₁₉₇ neoglycoconjugates. We assembled the ligands from anomeric 3-azidopropyl spacer glycosides from select 3-O-protected thiocresyl mannoside donors. Chain extensions were achieved using [4+3] or [4+5] block synthesis of thiocresyl and trichloroacetimidate glycosyl donors. Subsequent global deprotection generated the 3-aminopropyl oligosaccharide ligands. ELISA binding data obtained with the β-anomeric hepta- and nonamannosyl conjugates with a selection of HIV-1 bnAbs showed comparable binding of both mannosyl ligands by Fab fragments yet lesser binding of the nonasaccharide conjugate by the corresponding IgG antibodies. These results support previous observations that a complete Man₉ structure might not be the preferred antigenic binding motif for some oligomannose-specific antibodies, and have implications for glycoside designs to elicit oligomannose-targeted HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies.

Keywords: HIV/AIDS; glycoconjugates; glycosylation; oligomannosides; synthesis.