Male-Female Differences in Ascending Aortic Aneurysm Surgery: 25-Year Single Center Results

Abstract

The aim of this study was to improve insight into male-female differences in patients undergoing ascending aortic aneurysm surgery. Consecutive patients that underwent ascending aortic aneurysm surgery between January 1991-December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Patient and procedural characteristics, 30-day mortality, and survival were compared between male and female patients. Multivariable Cox-regression analysis was performed to explore differences in factors associated with long-term mortality. Of 631 included patients, 36% were female patients. They were older (66 (55.9-72.9) vs 56 (44.1-67.3) years, p < 0.001), had a higher logistic EuroSCORE (12 (8-17) vs 8 (5-12), p < 0.001), and underwent concomitant arch surgery more often (74% vs 54%, p < 0.001). Aortic diameter (5.5 (5.0.6.5) vs 5.5 (5.0-6.0) cm, p = 0.025) and Aortic Size Index (3.15 (2.80-3.65) vs 2.70 (2.42-3.00) cm/m², p < 0.001) were larger in female patients. Early mortality was 0.9% in female patients and 2.0% in male patients (p = 0.51). Adjusted 15-year survival was comparable between male and female patients. Multivariable Cox-regression did not identify an independent association between female sex and mortality. In males a larger aortic diameter (HR1.38 per centimeter increase, 95%-CI 1.03-1.85, p = 0.003) was an independent factor associated with mortality, and in female patients a larger BSA (HR0.08 per 1kg/m² increase, 95%-CI 0.01-0.49, p = 0.007) was an independent risk-reducing factor. Female patients presented at older age and with more advanced disease. Increased awareness for ascending aortic pathology and timely referral may result in better preoperative profiles in female patients. This may improve outcomes after ascending aortic aneurysm surgery.

Keywords: Aortic aneurysm; Aortic surgery; Aortic valve; Ascending aorta; Gender; Sex.