Non-coding RNAs and glioblastoma: Insight into their roles in metastasis

Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi; Maryam Derakhshan; Fatereh Baharloii; Fatemeh Dashti; Seyed Mohammad Ali Mirazimi; Maryam Mahjoubin-Tehran; Saereh Hosseindoost; Pouya Goleij; Neda Rahimian; Michael R Hamblin; Hamed Mirzaei

doi:10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.015

Non-coding RNAs and glioblastoma: Insight into their roles in metastasis

Mol Ther Oncolytics. 2021 Dec 22:24:262-287. doi: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.12.015. eCollection 2022 Mar 17.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Neurosciences and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
² Department of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
³ Department of Cardiology, Chamran Cardiovascular Research Education Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
⁴ School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
⁵ Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
⁶ Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
⁷ Brain and Spinal Cord Research Center, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
⁸ Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran.
⁹ Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
¹⁰ Department of Internal Medicine, Firoozgar Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹¹ Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
¹² Radiation Biology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
¹³ Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.

Abstract

Glioma, also known as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), is the most prevalent and most lethal primary brain tumor in adults. Gliomas are highly invasive tumors with the highest death rate among all primary brain malignancies. Metastasis occurs as the tumor cells spread from the site of origin to another site in the brain. Metastasis is a multifactorial process, which depends on alterations in metabolism, genetic mutations, and the cancer microenvironment. During recent years, the scientific study of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) has led to new insight into the molecular mechanisms involved in glioma. Many studies have reported that ncRNAs play major roles in many biological procedures connected with the development and progression of glioma. Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are all types of ncRNAs, which are commonly dysregulated in GBM. Dysregulation of ncRNAs can facilitate the invasion and metastasis of glioma. The present review highlights some ncRNAs that have been associated with metastasis in GBM. miRNAs, circRNAs, and lncRNAs are discussed in detail with respect to their relevant signaling pathways involved in metastasis.

Keywords: circular RNA; glioblastoma; long non-coding RNA; metastasis; microRNA; non-coding RNA.

Publication types

Review