The search for a Buruli Ulcer vaccine and the effectiveness of the Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine

Abstract

Buruli Ulcer is a neglected tropical disease that is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans. It is not fatal; however, it manifests a range of devastating symptoms on the hosts' bodies. Various drugs and treatments are available for the disease; however, they are often costly and have adverse effects. There is still much uncertainty regarding the mode of transmission, vectors, and reservoir. At present, there are no official vector control methods, prevention methods, or a vaccine licensed to prevent infection. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine developed against tuberculosis has some effectiveness against M. ulcerans. However, it is unable to induce long-lasting protection. Various types of vaccines have been developed based specifically against M. ulcerans; however, to date, none has entered clinical trials or has been released for public use. Additional awareness and funding are needed for research in this field and the development of more treatments, diagnostic tools, and vaccines.

Keywords: Bacillus calmette–guérin vaccine; Buruli ulcer; Mycobacterium ulcerans; Reverse Vaccinology; Vaccines.