Dietary inclusion of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seed to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in biofloc system: Impacts on growth, immunity, and immune-antioxidant gene expression

Chinh Le Xuan; Supreya Wannavijit; Piyatida Outama; Chompunut Lumsangkul; Sudaporn Tongsiri; Chanagun Chitmanat; Hien Van Doan

doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.020

Dietary inclusion of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) seed to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in biofloc system: Impacts on growth, immunity, and immune-antioxidant gene expression

Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2022 Mar:122:215-224. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.020. Epub 2022 Jan 19.

Authors

Chinh Le Xuan¹, Supreya Wannavijit¹, Piyatida Outama¹, Chompunut Lumsangkul¹, Sudaporn Tongsiri², Chanagun Chitmanat², Hien Van Doan³

Affiliations

¹ Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
² Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai, 50290, Thailand.
³ Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand. Electronic address: hien.d@cmu.ac.th.

PMID: 35063605
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.01.020

Abstract

An eight-week feeding trial was carried out to determine the effects of rambutan seed (RS) as a feed additive on the growth, skin mucus, serum immune parameters, and gene expression of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised under a biofloc system. Nile tilapia fingerlings (14.77 ± 0.80 g fish^-1) were fed five experimental diets containing 0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 g kg^-1 of RS, corresponding to five treatments (RS0, RS5, RS10, RS20, and RS40) with three replications per treatment. The results showed that fish consuming the RS10 and RS20 diets presented a substantial (P < 0.05) improvement in specific growth rate (SGR), weight gain (WG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) after eight weeks. The highest values were recorded in the RS10 diet; however, there were no significant (P > 0.05) differences exhibited in the fish survival rates between treatments. The RS supplementation diets demonstrated greater immunological parameters, particularly skin mucus and serum immune responses (P < 0.05), than that of the control after eight the eight-week feeding trial. The highest level was seen in fish fed the RS10; followed by the RS20, RS40 (P > 0.05), and RS5 diets. Regarding gene expressions, IL1, IL8, LBP, GSTa, and GSR genes were significantly up-regulated in fish provided the RS10 diet in comparison to the control and other supplemented diets (P < 0.05). However, no significant up-regulation was found in these genes among the RS0, RS5, RS20, and RS40 diets, with the exception of the GPX gene. Similarly, up-regulation of IL-8, LBP, GSTa, GPX, and GSR were noted in fish fed the RS10 diet (P < 0.05). Notably, no significant differences were evident in these genes among the RS5, RS20, and RS40 diets. In conclusion, fish fed RS10 (10 g kg^-1) significantly enhanced growth, skin mucus, serum immunities, and immune-antioxidants related gene expressions of Nile tilapia raised under biofloc system.

Keywords: Gene expression; Growth performance; Innate immunity; Nile tilapia; Rambutan seed.

MeSH terms

Animal Feed / analysis
Animals
Antioxidants
Aquaculture
Cichlids*
Diet / veterinary
Dietary Supplements / analysis
Disease Resistance
Fish Diseases*
Gene Expression
Sapindaceae*
Seeds
Streptococcal Infections*

Substances

Antioxidants