A Comparative Retrospective Study of COVID-19 Responses in Four Representative Asian Countries

Xiaohan Wang; Leiyu Shi; Yuyao Zhang; Haiqian Chen; Jun Jiao; Manfei Yang; Gang Sun

doi:10.2147/RMHP.S334326

A Comparative Retrospective Study of COVID-19 Responses in Four Representative Asian Countries

Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2022 Jan 11:15:13-25. doi: 10.2147/RMHP.S334326. eCollection 2022.

Authors

Xiaohan Wang¹, Leiyu Shi², Yuyao Zhang¹, Haiqian Chen¹, Jun Jiao¹, Manfei Yang¹, Gang Sun^{1

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Health Management, School of Health Management, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People's Republic of China.
² Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.

Abstract

Purpose: This study compared the government policies and non-pharmaceutical interventions adopted by South Korea, Japan, India, and China in response to COVID-19 during 2020-2021 and assessed their effectiveness. We hope that our research will help control the COVID-19 waves and a future crisis of this nature.

Methods: COVID-19 case data were obtained from Our World in Data database. Combined with case data, we made a retrospective study by analyzing the government policies and non-pharmaceutical interventions taken during this pandemic in these four representative Asian countries (South Korea, Japan, India, and China).

Results: From January 2020 to May 18, 2021, South Korea and Japan experienced three waves of COVID-19 outbreaks, but the number of daily new confirmed cases per million people was relatively small in both countries, and South Korea had fewer daily new confirmed cases per million than Japan. Following the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan in late 2019, China successfully contained the first wave of the outbreak and was not currently experiencing a large-scale resurgence of the epidemic (Until May 18, 2021). India is experiencing a grim second wave of the epidemic, with far more daily new confirmed cases per million people than South Korea and Japan.

Conclusion: Successful practices in China and South Korea show that case identification and management, coupled with close contact tracing and isolation, is a powerful strategy. The lessons of Japan and India show that social distancing is an effective measure, but only if it is rigor and persistent. Finally, in both developed and developing countries, the development of health care systems and coordinated government leadership play a key role in overcoming epidemics.

Keywords: COVID-19; healthcare system; non-pharmaceutical interventions; pandemic; public health.

Grants and funding

This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province in 2022: Construction and application of COVID-19 control model PSR-SOR-Haddon in Guangdong Province; The National Social Science Fund of China (No. 16BGL184). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.