Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the simplified chinese version of the fremantle back awareness questionnaire in patients with low back Pain

Fanqi Hu; Chao Liu; Shiqi Cao; Xiangyu Wang; Weibo Liu; Teng Li; Xiaoqing Yang; Xuesong Zhang

doi:10.1007/s00586-021-07085-8

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the simplified chinese version of the fremantle back awareness questionnaire in patients with low back Pain

Eur Spine J. 2022 Apr;31(4):935-942. doi: 10.1007/s00586-021-07085-8. Epub 2022 Jan 18.

Authors

Fanqi Hu^#¹, Chao Liu^#^{1

2}, Shiqi Cao^{1

3

4}, Xiangyu Wang^{1

5}, Weibo Liu¹, Teng Li¹, Xiaoqing Yang^{1

2}, Xuesong Zhang⁶

Affiliations

¹ Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China.
² Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Huangpu Avenue West Road, Guangzhou, China.
³ Department of Orthopaedics of TCM Clinical Unit, 6Th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
⁴ Department of Rehabilitation, 6Th Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
⁵ Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
⁶ Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, 51 Fucheng Road, Beijing, 100048, China. zhangxuesong301@163.com.

^# Contributed equally.

PMID: 35039964
DOI: 10.1007/s00586-021-07085-8

Abstract

Purpose: The Fremantle back awareness questionnaire (FreBAQ) was recently developed as simple and quick tool to assess back-specific body perception in Low back pain (LBP) patients. The aim of the present study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Fremantle back awareness questionnaire (FreBAQ) into a Simplified Chinese version (FreBAQ-C), and evaluate the reliability and validity of the FreBAQ-C in patients with non-specific Chronic Low back pain (CLBP).

Methods: The FreBAQ was translated into Chinese according to established methods. Internal consistency was assessed according to Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest reliability was estimated by Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Construct validity was evaluated by correlations between the FreBAQ-C and Visual analogue scale (VAS), Roland-Morris disability questionnaire (RDQ), Pain catastrophizing scale (PCS), Tampa scale for kinesiophobia (TSK) as well as Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS).

Results: A total of 105 participants (38 males and 67 females) were included in this study with the mean age of 54.1 ± 15.6 years, mean duration of LBP of 6.8 ± 4.6 years. The FreBAQ-C total scores were well distributed, with no floor or ceiling effects. Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.833). ICC of test-retest reliability was good (0.897, 95% confidence interval: 0.852-0.929). The limits of agreement (LOA) ranged from - 5.8 to 6.3. The Standard error of measurement (SEM) and Minimum detectable change (MDC) were 2.16 and 5.99. Construct validity was confirmed by significant correlation of The FreBAQ-C and VAS during motion (r = 0.274, p = 0.005) and rest (r = 0.243, p = 0.012), RDQ (r = 0.377, p < 0.001), PCS (r = 0.439, p < 0.001), and TSK(r = 0.311, p = 0.001).

Conclusions: The FreBAQ-C was demonstrated to have acceptable reliability and validity for patients with non-specific CLBP in Chinese mainland. It will allow evaluating body preception of the back in the Chinese population with CLBP.

Keywords: Body perception; Fremantle back awareness questionnaire; Low back pain; Reliability; Simplified chinese version; Validity.

MeSH terms

Adult
Aged
China
Cross-Cultural Comparison
Disability Evaluation
Female
Humans
Low Back Pain* / diagnosis
Low Back Pain* / epidemiology
Male
Middle Aged
Psychometrics / methods
Reproducibility of Results
Surveys and Questionnaires