Propacetamol in dogs: First description of its pharmacokinetics after intravenous and oral administration

Abstract

Propacetamol is a prodrug form of paracetamol (APAP) licensed for human use as a pain reliever in postoperative care. It is prescribed if APAP cannot be administered orally or rectally to a patient and for patients in whom nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are contraindicated. In this study, we aimed to quantify the pharmacokinetics of APAP and its metabolites, paracetamol sulfate (PS), paracetamol glucuronide (PG), and N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), after a single oral and intravenous (IV) administration of 30 mg/kg of propacetamol to six healthy adult Labrador dogs according to a 2 × 2 crossover study. The analyses were performed using a validated HPLC-MS/MS method. PS and PG exposures were higher than that of APAP, while NAPQI concentrations were constantly below the detection limit of the analytical method. IV propacetamol administration produced 30% more APAP than oral administration. However, propacetamol released a significantly lower amount of active moiety in dogs than in humans. The propacetamol dose administered in this study did not produce plasma APAP concentrations above the threshold sufficient to provide analgesia in adult humans (4 μg/mL). In conclusion, direct IV injection of APAP instead of propacetamol might be a better clinical option for pain relief in dogs.

Keywords: Acetaminophen; Dogs; Metabolites; Pharmacokinetics; Propacetamol.