1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale New Haven Hospital and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
2 Department of Pathophysiology, Erasmus Campus, Brussels, Belgium.
3 Division of Applied Hemodynamics, Department of Anesthesiology, Yale New Haven Hospital and Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
4 Department of Respiratory Care, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, Connecticut.