Distrontium Cerate as a Radiopaque Component of Hydraulic Endodontic Cement

Kunlanun Dumrongvute; Sherif Adel; Takahiro Wada; Nobuyuki Kawashima; Chinalai Piyachon; Hiroshi Watanabe; Tohru Kurabayashi; Takashi Okiji; Motohiro Uo

doi:10.3390/ma15010284

Distrontium Cerate as a Radiopaque Component of Hydraulic Endodontic Cement

Materials (Basel). 2021 Dec 31;15(1):284. doi: 10.3390/ma15010284.

Authors

Kunlanun Dumrongvute^{1

2}, Sherif Adel^{1

3}, Takahiro Wada⁴, Nobuyuki Kawashima¹, Chinalai Piyachon², Hiroshi Watanabe⁵, Tohru Kurabayashi⁵, Takashi Okiji¹, Motohiro Uo⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
² Department of Conservative Dentistry and Prosthetics, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23, Wattana, Bangkok 10110, Thailand.
³ National Research Centre of Egypt, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Dental Materials, Oral and Dental Research Division, El Buhouth Street, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
⁴ Department of Advanced Biomaterials, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.
⁵ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8549, Japan.

Abstract

This study aimed to synthesize distrontium cerate (2SrO·CeO₂: S₂Ce) and evaluate its properties as an alternative component of the endodontic cement. S₂Ce cement was prepared through calcination of strontium hydroxide and cerium carbonate. Subsequently, the crystal phase was confirmed using X-ray diffraction. S₂Ce cement exhibited a rapid setting time (121 min) and achieved a high compressive strength (72.1 MPa) at 1 d after mixing, comparable to the compressive strength of a commercial mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cement (ProRoot MTA) after 28 d post mixing. However, the compressive strength decreased after 28 d of storage when the W/P ratio was 0.30-0.40 (p < 0.05). Ion dissolution test of the S₂Ce cement showed that strontium ions were released after immersion in water (5.27 mg/mL after 1 d), whereas cerium dissolution was not detected. S₂Ce exhibited approximately three times higher radiopacity (9.0 mm aluminum thickness equivalent) compared to the commercial MTA (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that S₂Ce is a possible component for hydraulic endodontic cement that demonstrates a rapid setting and high radiopacity.

Keywords: compressive strength; distrontium cerate (2SrO·CeO2); flowability; hydraulic endodontic cement; radiopacity.

Grants and funding

20H03869/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science