Based on two Andean Altiplano samples and on light and scanning electron microscopy analyses, we present six new species of "araphid" diatoms in the genus Pseudostaurosira, P.aedes sp. nov., P.frankenae sp. nov., P.heteropolaris sp. nov., P.oblonga sp. nov., P.occulta sp. nov., and P.pulchra sp. nov. Additional data are provided for four other known taxa, Nanofrustulumcataractarum, N.rarissimum, P.sajamaensis and P.vulpina, the latter species corresponding to a stat. nov. based on a variety of P.laucensis. Each taxon is described morphologically and compared with closely related published taxa, using characters such as axial area, virgae, vimines, areolar shape, volae, internal striae depositions, spines, flaps and apical pore fields, which are not usually used for species distinction within the genus. It is our intention that the detailed morphological descriptions of each taxon and the elaborate comparative tables we provide serve as a basis for correction of neo and paleo-databases for the Altiplano to produce a better account of autecological data and ecological change in the region. Some arguments for our continued use of a morphologically based approach are given in the context of rapid environmental degradation in the Andes and the difficulties in applying molecular approaches in countries such as Bolivia.
Keywords: Andean mountains; South America; fragilarioid diatoms; morphology; traditional taxonomy.
Eduardo A. Morales, Carlos E. Wetzel, Luc Ector.