Background/need. The increases in reference images and information during bronchoscopy using virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) and fluoroscopy has potentially created the need for support using a head-mounted display (HMD) because bronchoscopists feel difficulty to see displays that are at a distance from them and turn their head and body in various directions. Methodology and device description. The binocular see-through Moverio BT-35E Smart Glasses can be connected via a high-definition multimedia interface and have a 720p high-definition display. We developed a system that converts fluoroscopic (live and reference), VBN, and bronchoscopic image signals through a converter and references them using the Moverio BT-35E. Preliminary results. We performed a virtual bronchoscopy-guided transbronchial biopsy simulation using the system. Four experienced pulmonologists performed a simulated bronchoscopy of 5 cases each with the Moverio BT-35E glasses, using bronchoscopy training model. For all procedures, the bronchoscope was advanced successfully into the target bronchus according to the VBN image. None of the operators reported eye or body fatigue during or after the procedure. Current status. This small-scale simulation study suggests the feasibility of using a HMD during bronchoscopy. For clinical use, it is necessary to evaluate the safety and usefulness of the system in larger clinical trials in the future.
Keywords: image-guided surgery; simulation; thoracic surgery.