Sandacrabins - Structurally Unique Antiviral RNA Polymerase Inhibitors from a Rare Myxobacterium

Abstract

Structure elucidation and total synthesis of five unprecedented terpenoid-alkaloids, the sandacrabins, are reported, alongside with the first description of their producing organism Sandaracinus defensii MSr10575, which expands the Sandaracineae family by only its second member. The genome sequence of S. defensii as presented in this study was utilized to identify enzymes responsible for sandacrabin formation, whereby dimethylbenzimidazol, deriving from cobalamin biosynthesis, was identified as key intermediate. Biological activity profiling revealed that all sandacrabins except congener A exhibit potent antiviral activity against the human pathogenic coronavirus HCoV229E in the three digit nanomolar range. Investigation of the underlying mode of action discloses that the sandacrabins inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase complex, highlighting them as structurally distinct non-nucleoside RNA synthesis inhibitors. The observed segregation between cell toxicity at higher concentrations and viral inhibition opens the possibility for their medicinal chemistry optimization towards selective inhibitors.

Keywords: antiviral agents; natural products; structure elucidation; supercritical fluids; terpenoids.