Omental patch repair of large perforated peptic ulcers ≥25 mm is associated with higher leak rate

Yi Liang Wang; Xue Wei Chan; Kai Siang Chan; Vishal G Shelat

Omental patch repair of large perforated peptic ulcers ≥25 mm is associated with higher leak rate

J Clin Transl Res. 2021 Nov 29;7(6):759-766. eCollection 2021 Dec 28.

Authors

Yi Liang Wang¹, Xue Wei Chan², Kai Siang Chan², Vishal G Shelat²

Affiliations

¹ Department of General Surgery, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore.
² Department of General Surgery, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.

PMID: 34988327
PMCID: PMC8710357

Abstract

Background and aim: Omental patch repair is the present gold-standard technique for patients with perforated peptic ulcers (PPUs). Data are lacking regarding the safe ulcer size for omental patch repair leak (OPL). We analyze our experience in managing PPU to identify an ulcer size cut-off for predicting OPL.

Methods: Patients who had undergone omental patch repair for PPU between Jan 2004 and Apr 2016 were included. Demographic data, the American Society of Anesthesiologists score, ulcer size, operative approach, post-operative complications, and length of stay were recorded. OPL, intra-abdominal collection, repeat surgery, and 30-day mortality were recorded. The relationship between ulcer size, pre-operative characteristics, and OPL were investigated with univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis derived the ulcer size cut-off to predict OPL. In addition, we analyzed if ulcer size predicted mortality or malignancy.

Results: Six hundred and ninety patients with a mean age of 55.1 years (range 16-94) were managed for PPU during the study period. Free air on X-ray was evident in 417 (60.4%) patients. Mean ulcer size was 7.8 mm (range 1-50). OPL occurred in 15 patients (2.2%) and 30-day mortality was 7.4% (n=51). Multivariate analysis found ulcer size increase of 10 mm (OR 3.30, 95% CI 1.81-6.02, P<0.001) predicted increased risk of OPL. At 25 mm cut-off, sensitivity was 26.7%, specificity was 97.2%, positive likelihood ratio was 9.47, and negative likelihood ratio was 0.76 for OPL.

Conclusion: Ulcer size increase in 10 mm increases leak rate by 3.3 times. Ulcer size ≥25 mm predicts OPL.

Relevance for patients: Increased risk of OPL for ≥25 mm warrants need for close post-operative monitoring and lowers threshold for investigations in event of clinical deterioration. Decision for omental patch repair versus gastrectomy however should not be based on ulcer size alone.

Keywords: gastrectomy; omental patch; peptic ulcer; perforated ulcer; ulcer size.