Rationale: Although a few injectable hydrogels have shown a reliable biosafety and a moderate promise in treating myocardial infarction (MI), the updated hydrogel systems with an on-demand biodegradation and multi-biofunctions to deliver therapeutic drug would achieve more prominent efficacy in the future applications. In this report, a conductive and injectable hydrogel crosslinked by matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive peptides (MMP-SP) was rationally constructed to stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) to recover heart functions after MI. Methods: Firstly, tetraaniline (TA) was incorporated into partially oxidized alginate (ALG-CHO) to endow the hydrogels with conductivity. The 1,4-dihydrophenonthrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid (DPCA) nanodrug was manufactured with high drug loading capacity and decorated with polymerized dopamine (PDA) to achieve a stable release of the drug. Both ALG-CHO and DPCA@PDA can be cross-linked by thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) and thiolated MMP-SP to construct a MMP-degradable and conductive hydrogel. After administration in the infarcted heart of rats, echocardiographic assessments, histological evaluation, and RT-PCR were used to evaluate therapeutic effects of hydrogels. Results: The cell viability and the results of subcutaneous implantation verify a good cytocompatibility and biocompatibility of the resulting hydrogels. The hydrogel shows remarkable strength in decreasing the expression of inflammatory factors, maintaining a high level of HIF-1α to promote the vascularization, and promoting the expression of junctional protein connexin 43. Meanwhile, the multifunctional hydrogels greatly reduce the infarcted area (by 33.8%) and improve cardiac functions dramatically with ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS) being increased by 31.3% and 19.0%, respectively. Conclusion: The as-prepared hydrogels in this report achieve a favorable therapeutic effect, offering a promising therapeutic strategy for treating heart injury.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01226563.
Keywords: conductivity; hypoxia-inducible factor-1α; injectable hydrogel; matrix metalloproteinase; myocardial infarction.
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