The in vitro dissolution of Avanafil (AVA) is the rate-limiting step for its bioavailability. Also, it undergoes the first-pass metabolism, and its absorption is altered significantly in the presence of food. So, our study aimed to overcome the previous hurdles and improve the AVA bioavailability by its incorporation in the ultra-deformable nanovesicles, transfersomes (TRF), then loading these nanovesicles in transdermal films. The AVA-loaded TRF formulation was optimized using Draper-Lin small composite design (D-LSCD). The optimized AVA-loaded TRF was evaluated for quality attributes and assessed for skin permeation using a fluorescence laser microscope and for pharmacokinetic parameters after topical application on the rats. The optimized AVA-loaded TRF showed a vesicle size of 97.75 nm, a zeta potential of -28.83 mV, and entrapment efficiency of 95.14% with good deformability and release profile. The intense discoloration in the deep skin layers of the rats indicated the permeation efficiency of AVA-loaded TRF films. The pharmacokinetic parameters specified the augmented absorption extent with Cmax of 254.66 ± 8.02 ng/mlversus 70.33 ± 3.05 ng/ml which reflected on the AUC0-inf that has a value of 2050.45 ± 159.14 ng/ml h versus 497.34 ± 102.61 ng/ml h for the optimized AVA-loaded TRF film and raw AVA-loaded film, respectively. These promising results wide open the field for broader clinical application of this alternative delivery pathway for superior bioavailability, efficacy, and patient compliance and satisfaction.
Keywords: avanafil; pharmacokinetic parameters; skin permeation; transdermal delivery; transfersomes.
© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists.