Study on the Crystallinity and Oxidation States of Nanoporous Anodized Tin Oxide Films Regulated by Annealing Treatment for Supercapacitor Application

Nan Gao; Jinwei Cao; Chen Wang; Zhaoqing Gao; Ruofan Li; Guoxin Ding; Haitao Ma; Yunpeng Wang; Liping Zhang

doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02304

Study on the Crystallinity and Oxidation States of Nanoporous Anodized Tin Oxide Films Regulated by Annealing Treatment for Supercapacitor Application

Langmuir. 2022 Jan 11;38(1):164-173. doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02304. Epub 2021 Dec 21.

Authors

Nan Gao¹, Jinwei Cao¹, Chen Wang¹, Zhaoqing Gao¹, Ruofan Li¹, Guoxin Ding¹, Haitao Ma¹, Yunpeng Wang¹, Liping Zhang²

Affiliations

¹ School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
² Key Laboratory of Coastal Environment and Resources of Zhejiang Province (KLaCER), School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China.

PMID: 34931850
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02304

Abstract

In this study, electrodeposition combined with anodization was employed to prepare a nanoporous tin oxide film on a pure copper substrate. It was found that annealing temperature played a critically significant role in regulating the crystallinity, pore size, and contents of different oxidation states of the anodized tin oxide film to affect the electrochemical performance. The study verified that SnO_x films treated by optimized annealing at 500 °C with precisely controlling the nanoporous morphology and crystallinity displayed competitive specific capacitance at an appropriate ratio of Sn⁴⁺ to Sn²⁺. A maximum specific capacitance of 86.2 mF/cm² could be achieved at this temperature, and the capacitance retention rate still exceeded 90% even after 8000 charge-discharge cycles. With properly designed annealing treatment, we implemented tin film anodization to obtain an optimized electrode with significantly enhanced electrochemical performance, which shows a promising application in the electrochemical field to prepare electrodes.