Cross-Sectional Associations Between Wake-Time Movement Compositions and Mental Health in Preschool Children With and Without Motor Coordination Problems

Denver M Y Brown; Matthew Y W Kwan; Sara King-Dowling; John Cairney

doi:10.3389/fped.2021.752333

Cross-Sectional Associations Between Wake-Time Movement Compositions and Mental Health in Preschool Children With and Without Motor Coordination Problems

Front Pediatr. 2021 Nov 30:9:752333. doi: 10.3389/fped.2021.752333. eCollection 2021.

Authors

Denver M Y Brown^{1

2}, Matthew Y W Kwan^{2

3}, Sara King-Dowling^{2

4}, John Cairney^{2

5}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.
² Infant, Child and Youth Health (INCH) Lab, Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
³ Department of Child and Youth Studies, Brock University, St. Catherines, ON, Canada.
⁴ Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
⁵ School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Abstract

Movement behaviors have been found to be important correlates of health for children and may be particularly important for children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) who often experience greater mental health problems. To date, however, little research has investigated the daily movement composition of preschool children with Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and/or its association with mental health. The purpose of the current study was to: (1) examine whether differences in movement compositions (i.e., sedentary time, light physical activity, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity) exist between typically developing (TD) preschool-age children and those at risk for DCD (rDCD); and (2) investigate associations between movement compositions and mental health indicators. This cross-sectional study used the baseline cohort data from the Coordination and Activity Tracking in CHildren (CATCH) study. A total of 589 preschool-age children (Mage = 4.94 ± 0.59 years; 57.4% boys) were included in this analysis, of which 288 scored at or below the 16th percentile on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 and were thus classified as rDCD. Wake time movement behaviors were measured using accelerometers and parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist to assess their child's mental health (i.e., internalizing and externalizing problems). Compositional data analysis techniques were used. After adjusting for potential confounders, the results demonstrated similar movement compositions between TD and rDCD children. Among the full sample, findings revealed a significant association between sedentary time and externalizing problems, however, each of the other associations did not reach statistical significance. These results are consistent with emerging evidence demonstrating similar patterns of physical activity and sedentary time among TD children and those classified as rDCD during the preschool years. Although movement behaviors explained little variance in mental health during this period, future research should investigate when movement compositions diverge, and how these changes may impact the mental health of TD children and those classified as rDCD later in childhood.

Keywords: daily time use; developmental coordination disorder; mental ill-being; physical activity; sedentary behavior.